【视频讲解】

Your nose may be the first place you think of as a source of mucus. But mucus is a major player in your gut, too. "
对于粘液的来源，你想到的第一个地方可能就是鼻子。但是粘液也是肠道中的重要成分。

Your nose may be the first place you think of as a source of mucus
这是一个定语后置的情况，并且省略了that 同时 the first place 是第一的意思。
Mucus
(身体分泌的) 黏液
Gut
1. 肠
2. 胆量,
The new governor has the guts to push through unpopular tax increases.
新任州长有胆量强制通过不得人心的增税方案通过。

There's antimicrobial peptides and proteins that are present in there. Bacteria live in there and forage on the carbohydrates.
肠道中有抗菌肽和蛋白质。肠道中的细菌以碳水化合物为食。

Forage （TEM 8）
1. 觅食
We disturbed a wild boar that had been foraging by the roadside.
我们惊动了一只在路边觅食的野公猪。
2. 匆忙搜寻
They were forced to forage for clothing and fuel.
他们被迫匆忙搜寻衣物和燃料。
Peptide 肽
Carbohydrate 碳水化合物; 含碳水化合物的食物

And it's a lubricant, it helps sweep contents down the GI tract, without injuring the epithelial layer."
肠道中的粘液是一种润滑剂，它可以帮助食物沿胃肠道滑下，而不损伤上皮层细胞。”

Lubricant（TEM 8）
1. 润滑剂; 润滑油
Its nozzle was smeared with some kind of lubricant.
它的喷嘴上涂了种润滑油。
2. (比喻有利于事情顺利进行的)润滑剂,
I think humour is a great lubricant for life.
我认为幽默是一种上好的人生润滑剂。
Sweep 拂去
I swept rainwater off the flat top of a gravestone.
我拂去一块墓碑平顶上的雨水。
Epithelial
上皮的；皮膜的

Eric Martens, a microbiologist at the University of Michigan. He says farther down the GI tract, in the colon, the mucus builds a wall:a barrier against friendly bacteria, "as well as pathogens that could be transiting through."
埃里克•马顿斯是密歇根大学的微生物学家。他表示，在胃肠道下方，粘液在结肠处建造了一堵墙：这个屏障可以抵抗友善的细菌以及病原体通过。

Colon
1. 冒号
2. 结肠
In the U.S., there are 60,000 deaths a year from colon cancer.
在美国，每年有６万人死于结肠癌。
Pathogens 病原体
Transit 运输
a transit time of about 40 minutes.
…大约40分钟的运输时间。

But here's the problem: your gut bacteria may chew right through that wall—if you skimp on fiber in your diet.
但是问题是：如果你的饮食中缺少膳食纤维，那肠道细菌也可能会穿过那堵墙。
Skimp
节省
Many families must skimp on their food and other necessities just to meet the monthly rent.
为了交每月的租金，许多家庭不得不节省食物和其他必需品的支出。

Martens and his team modeled that scenario in mice who'd been born free of microbes. They seeded the mice's guts with a human gut microbiome—then fed them a high-fiber diet: raw milled corn, whole wheat, whole soybeans and oats.
马斯顿和他的团队用老鼠进行情况模拟，这些老鼠生来不含有任何微生物。他们在老鼠的肠道内植入人体肠道的微生物，然后给老鼠喂纤维含量高的饮食：生玉米碎、全麦、大豆和燕麦。

Scenario
设想; 可能的情况
The conflict degenerating into civil war is everybody's nightmare scenario.
这场冲突恶化成内战成为每个人的恶梦。
Microbiome
微生物菌群总学
Oats 燕麦

"It's about as raw of a diet as you can get." The human equivalent: double our recommended daily intake of fiber. "It's a lot of kale."
“这基本上和人类食物的原料类似。”相当于人类的饮食：将摄入的纤维量翻倍。“这是大量的甘蓝。”
Equivalent 等量的; 等值的
If they want to change an item in the budget, they will have to propose equivalent cuts elsewhere.
如果他们想要改变预算中的一个款项，必须得提出其他等值的削减。

intake
1. 摄取量; 吸入量; 接受量
Your intake of alcohol should not exceed two units per day.
你每天酒精摄入量不能超过两个单位。
2. 新纳入者
...one of this year's intake of students.
…今年新招学生中的一个。
Kale
羽衣甘蓝

That extreme high-fiber diet helped keep the mucus barrier intact. But in mice that had zero fiber—or the kind of soluble fiber typically added to processed foods—the fiber-eating members of the gut dwindled..
纤维含量极高的饮食有助于保持粘液屏障的完整性。但是，老鼠体内没有任何纤维，也没有通常会添加到加工食品中的可溶性纤维，肠道中以纤维为食的细菌数量减少。

intact
完整无缺的
Customs men put dynamite in the water to destroy the cargo, but most of it was left intact.
海关人员把炸药放入水中以摧毁货物，但大部分货物却完好无损。
Dwindle
缩小; 减少
The factory's workforce has dwindled from over 4,000 to a few hundred.
该厂的工人总数已从4000多减少到了几百人。

Their absence opened up more real estate for mucus-munching bacteria, which boomed in number, and tore through the protective mucus wall—leaving intestinal cells open for microbial attack. The study is in the journal Cell.
纤维细菌的缺乏则为粘液细菌提供了更多场所，造成粘液细菌数量激增，然后通过保护的黏膜墙，导致肠道细胞易受到微生物的攻击。该研究结果发表在《细胞》期刊上。

Munch 大声咀嚼
Luke munched the chicken sandwiches.
卢克大声嚼着鸡肉三明治。
Boom
1. 激增
By 1988 the economy was booming.
到1988年为止经济一直很繁荣。
2. (经济) 繁荣
An economic boom followed, especially in housing and construction.
接着是一个经济的繁荣，尤其在住房和建筑方面。
Intestinal 肠道

The results suggest that "the recent history of your diet could predispose how you react to an enteric pathogen.
研究结果表明，“你最近的饮食可以反应出你如何应对肠道病菌。”

Predispose
1. 使…很可能 (以某方式思考或行事)
They take pains to hire people whose personalities predispose them to serve customers well.
他们煞费苦心雇用那些具备把顾客服务好的个性的人。
2. 使…很可能患 (某疾病)
...a gene that predisposes people to alcoholism.
…使易于嗜酒的基因。
Enteric
肠的

" And they're yet another endorsement of the magical properties of plant fiber. "Eating natural vegetables, raw vegetables, cooked veggies, whole grains, is definitely good for you.“
它们也反应了植物纤维的神奇特性。“吃天然的蔬菜、生蔬菜、熟蔬菜、全谷物，绝对是对你有好处的。”

Endorsement
1. 公开支持; 赞同,
I can endorse their opinion wholeheartedly.
我可以全心全意地支持他们的观点。
2. 代言
The twins endorsed a line of household cleaning products.
这对双胞胎为一系列的家庭清洁产品代言过。
Veggies 蔬菜

The good news is, the mice's gut bacteria bounced back within a day to a change in diet. So eat for the gut you want. Not the gut you have.
好消息是，老鼠的肠道细菌在改变饮食一天以后迅速恢复了活力。所以，要食用你的肠道告诉你要吃的食物，而不是你的直觉告诉你要吃的食物。

Bounce
1. 弹
The wheelchair tennis player is allowed two bounces of the ball.
残疾网球运动员可以有两次弹球的机会。
2. 拒付 (支票)
Our only complaint would be if the cheque bounced.
如果支票被拒收，这会是我们惟一的抱怨。