1.specialist n．专家(one who specializes in a particular occupation);a．专业的(professional)
词根记忆：来自special(a．专业的)
例：If each type of specialist evolved just once, similar specialists on different islands would be closely related.
同根词：specific(a．特殊的：明确的)
2.specialization n．特殊化(making or becoming specialized)
词根记忆：来自special(a．特殊的：专门的)
例：Both of these scenarios imply that specialization to each niche occurred only once. Alternatively, each specialist could have arisen independently on each of the islands.
同根词：specialist(n．专家；a．专业的)
3.specialize v.(in)专门从事(to concentrate one's efforts on a special activity, field, or practice)
词根记忆：来自special(a．特别的，特殊的)
例：The firm specializes in the analysis of handwriting.
派生词：specialization(n.专门化：特殊化)；specialized(a.专门的)
4.species n.物种（group of animals or plants within a genus differing only in minor details from the others, and able to breed with each other but not with other groups)
词根记忆：speci(种)+es--物种
例：Some species become extinct because of accumulated gradual changes in their local environments.
5.specific a．具体的(explicit)；详细而精确的(accurate)；特殊的(special)
词根记忆：speci(种)+fic--按种类说明--具体的
例：specific reasons具体原因，，Complement(血清中的补体)will not work unless it is activated by a specific antibody.
派生词：specifically( ad.明确地；清楚地)
6.specify v.详细说明(to state explicitly or in detail)
词根记忆：speci(种)+fy（使…）--使每一种都清楚--详细说明
例：The investigative report didn't specify how caffeine is lost in the manufacturing process.
派生词：specifically( ad.特定地；明确地)：specification(n.规格：说明)
7.specimen n．样品：标本(instance)
词根记忆：speci(种)+men--种类--样品
例：a fossil specimen化石标本
8.specious a．华而不实的：似是而非的(having deceptive attraction or allure)
例：This is a specious argument.
9.spectacular a．壮观的，壮丽的(striking, sensational)
词根记忆：spect(看)+acular--吸引入看的--壮观的
例：We saw a spectacular sunrise while we were camping.