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古代的水果很垃圾

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Hey kids. You've probably seen this scene in TV or movies at some point.

嘿,小孩。你可能在电视或电影中看到过这个场景。

A couple of people end up stranded on a desert island, totally isolated from all civilization.

几个人被困在荒岛上,与所有文明完全隔绝。

It seems like there's no hope for survival.

似乎没有生存的希望了。

But then one of them looks three feet to the left and:

但其中一个人向左看了三英尺,然后说:

Oh my god, it's a tree full of fully-grown, plump, delicious-smelling, golden-skin bananas. Amazing.

哦,我的上帝,那棵树上长满了成熟、饱满、香喷喷、金黄色果皮的香蕉。太棒了。

We're saved for the time being.

我们暂时得救了。

Hey, don't eat those.

嘿,别吃那些香蕉。

They're made of lies.

它们是由谎言构成的。(注:暗指《圣经》中的苹果。)

See?

看到了吗?

Listen, why do fruit exists?

听着,水果为什么存在?

For a delicious, nutritious snack for humans and animals alike to enjoy?

为了提供人类和动物都喜欢的美味、营养的零食?

You know you didn't have to go throwing him into the sun like that.

其实你不必把他扔到太阳里去。

You're next, Susan.

下一个就是你,苏珊。

How did you know my name?

你怎么知道我的名字?

I created you.

是我创造了你。

Anyway, as most of you probably know, fruit are a thing because nature figured out: hey,

总之,你们可能都知道,有水果这样东西是因为大自然发现:嘿,

if you put a little bit of deliciousness around your seed, it'll convince some idiot bird or something to carry your baby off to faraway lands, right?

如果把种子用某种好吃的东西包裹起来,就会让一些愚蠢的鸟或什么的把你的宝宝带到遥远的地方,对吧?

But then humans showed up and we're like: hey, that's pretty nifty.

但是后来人类出现了,我们就想:嘿,这太妙了。

Listen, is it cool if we selectively breed you for thousands of years to give you horrific deformities to crank up that whole deliciousness part a couple hundred notches?

听着,如果我们有选择性地培育你数千年,让你出现可怕的畸形,从而将美味部分提升几百个档次,这样行不行?

All right, cool.

好啊,行。

Let's take a look at bananas, specifically the Cavendish variety that we all know and love.

让我们来看看香蕉,特别是我们都知道和喜爱的香芽蕉品种。(注:这个品种就是现在的香蕉。)

On the inside we got like 2% seeds, 93% delectable banana meat, and 5% that brown part at the bottom that your mom says is perfectly fine to eat but you still don't trust.

在内部,有大约2%的种子,93%的美味香蕉肉,以及5%底部的棕色部分,你妈妈说完全可以吃,但你仍然不相信。

Great for a snack, terrible for reproducing efficiently.

这种香蕉作为零食很棒,但不利于高效繁殖。

Meanwhile, check out the thing on the right here.

同时,看一下右边的东西。

That's Musa Acuminata, one of the suspected ancestors of today's nanners.

这是小果野蕉,也是现在的香蕉的疑似祖先之一。

Much smaller and jam-packed with seeds, with just enough flesh in there to make it worth some smelly primates' time to crack open a yellow one with the boys.

这种香蕉小得多,里面全是种子,果肉量只够让一些臭烘烘的灵长类动物和同伴一起把它剥开。

Here's another wild-type banana: Musa Balbisiana.

还有另一种狂野的香蕉:野蕉。

Less sweet, way starchier, harder to get into, hella seeds -- same shit different day really.

甜度更低,淀粉含量更高,更难剥开,超级多的籽——乌鸦野猪一般黑。

Today if you stick that boy in the ground, you've got an okay chance of making a new banana tree.

如果你把这个香蕉种在地里,你有很大机会种出一棵新的香蕉树。

You bury a modern banana, all you're gonna end up with is a dirty banana.

如果你把一根现代的香蕉埋进土里,你最终只会得到一根脏兮兮的香蕉。

And not that one club in Miami, I mean an actual dirty banana.

我不是说迈阿密的那个俱乐部,我是说真正的脏香蕉。

That's because like a lot of cultivated fruit, culinary bananas are so inbred and malformed that they can't produce offspring even if they wanted to.

这是因为像许多栽培水果一样,能吃的香蕉近亲繁殖很严重、很畸形,就算它们想,也无法产生后代。

So word of advice for you men out there: if ever a lady points out how poorly endowed you are, just show her this JPEG.

所以给各位男士一个建议:如果有女士说你天赋不足,你就给她看这张图片。

She'll say: Wow, I didn't realize it was so potent and fertile.

她会说:哇,我没想到它这么强大和肥沃。

You really opened my eyes, thank you.

你真的让我大开眼界,谢谢你。

Bananas aren't the only piece of produce to follow this pattern, though. Not by a longshot.

但香蕉并不是遵循这种模式的唯一蔬果。绝对不是。

For example, take the watermelon.

比如西瓜。

According to Monsanto, everybody's favorite corporation,

据孟山都农业科技公司(“最受宠”的公司),(注:其实是最受批评)

the first evidence of human cultivation of the watermelon dates back to Egypt around 5,000 years ago.

人类培育西瓜的最早证据可以追溯到大约5000年前的埃及。

Back then they were only 2 inches in diameter, around the size of a tennis ball.

那时西瓜的直径只有2英寸,大约是一个网球的大小。

The flesh was supposedly tough and bitter, much like that of a tennis ball.

据说这种西瓜的果肉又硬又苦,也很像网球。

Of course just as the growth of a delicious green baby takes time, so too did the evolution of the modern watermelon.

当然,就像美味的绿色婴儿需要时间成长一样,现代西瓜也需要时间进化。

In fact, even as late as the mid-1600s, watermelons looked way different for what we have today,

事实上,直到17世纪中叶,西瓜也和今天的西瓜大不相同,

as shown by this painting by Giovanni Stanchi.

乔瓦尼·斯坦奇的这幅画就展示了这一点。

Notice the thicker rind, the larger seeds in the weird segmentation on the inside.

请注意这里厚厚的外皮,很大的西瓜籽,诡异的内部分瓣。

Definitely a cooler still-life subject, but ultimately inferior as a summertime snack.

这种西瓜绝对适合画静物,但不那么适合当作夏天的零食。

How about vegetables?

那么蔬菜呢?

Tell me, do you enjoy cabbage, brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens, broccoli, or cauliflower?

告诉我,你喜欢包菜、小圆白菜、羽衣甘蓝、芥蓝、西兰花还是花菜?

I mean I guess I like broccoli and cauliflower, or the rest are kind of gross... Wrong

呃,我想我喜欢西兰花和花菜,但其他的都有点恶心……不对!

All six of these vegetables are actually the same thing.

这六种蔬菜实际上是同一种东西。

That means you like them all.

也就是说你喜欢所有这些菜。

That's not how that works.

才不是的。

I'll be good.

我会听话的。

Anyway, these veggies are all just cultivars of the same species: Brassica oleracea, otherwise known as wild cabbage.

总之,这些蔬菜都只是同一个物种的栽培品种:甘蓝,也叫野生包菜。

Every part of the plant is edible to some extent, but there's not much of it to go around.

这种植物的每一部分在某种程度上都是可食用的,但是数量不够分。

So a bunch of different people throughout history said:

于是历史上有很多不同的人说:

All right, what if we just take one specific part of the plant and go f* insane with it?

好吧,要不我们只选取其中某一个部分,然后疯狂培育这个部分?

And that's what they did.

然后他们就这样做了。

Those who bred four giant leaves got kale.

培育出四片巨大叶子的人得到了羽衣甘蓝。

Going for huge, dense flower buds gets you broccoli.

种植出巨大、密集花蕾的人得到了西兰花。

Juicy and gorge lateral leaf buds equal Brussels sprouts, etc.

多汁美味的侧生叶芽就等于小圆白菜,等等。

Speaking of segues, let's check out eggplants.

强行过渡一下,让我们来看看茄子。

The OG eggplant was first domesticated in India, where it can still be found in the wild today.

茄子元老最初是在印度被驯化的,今天仍然可以在印度野外找到茄子元老。

It looks nothing like an eggplant, though; they actually resemble little green berries the size of grapes.

不过,它看起来一点也不像茄子,实际上更像小小的绿色浆果,跟葡萄差不多大。

The only thing it seems to have in common with the classic purple eggplant is how little both of them have in common with an egg.

它与紫色经典茄子的唯一共同点是,它俩都和鸡蛋没什么共同点。

However, if we add the RGB percentage values of their color and merge their shapes, we do get what looks approximately like an egg.

但如果把它俩的颜色百分值相加,并合并形状,那么我们确实会得到一个近似鸡蛋的东西。

So I guess that solves that mystery.

所以我想,谜团就这么解开了。

This whole transformation really is a testament to man's greatness, though.

不过,茄子的整个变形过程确实证明了人类的伟大。

That's like starting out with a frog and selectively breeding them until you end up with Grimace from McDonald's lore.

就像是从一只青蛙开始,然后对它进行选择性培育,直到你最终得到麦当劳故事中的“奶昔大哥”。

Speaking of which, did you know Grimace used to be evil and have four arms? This is a real thing.

说到奶昔大哥,你知道吗?他曾经是邪恶角色,而且有四只手臂。是真事。

I'd like to think that. When they lapped off his extra limbs, all his evil energy went with them.

我觉得那样不错。把他多余的四条胳膊去掉后,他所有的邪恶能量也都没了。

And now there's just two plum purple cylinders scampering around the countryside, waiting to pull unsuspecting kids under ball pits, never to be seen again.

现在只剩两个胖胖的紫红色圆柱体在乡间乱窜,等着把毫无戒心的孩子拉进坑里,从此消失不见。

That's just my McDonald's headcannon, though.

这只是我对麦当劳的个人脑补。

Anyway, back to whatever we were talking about.

总之,回到我们刚才说的话题。

Next is corn. Or, sorry, maize.

接下来是玉米。或者,抱歉,是玉蜀黍。

I call it corn like a normal person.

我像正常人一样叫它玉米。

If it was supposed to be called maize, these would be called maize mazes.

如果它应该被称为玉蜀黍,那么这些岂不就是蜀黍迷宫。

Obviously that's like the perfect opportunity, but they're not.

显然这是一个正名的绝佳机会,但它不是蜀黍。

So putting the etymological sock in it, or stocking.

所以把词源学先放一边。

Anyway, I was totally expecting old corn to look like those baby corns you find in Chinese food and literally nowhere else.

总之,我一直以为古代玉米会长得像中国菜里的小玉米,你在其他地方都找不到这种小玉米。

Turns out those actually are just baby corns.

结果那种玉米实际上就是没长大的玉米。

One suspected ancestor of corn is known as Teosinte, which looks like this.

玉米的一个疑似祖先叫大刍草,它看起来是这样的。

Gee whiz, Sam, that sure does look like garbage.

妈呀,山姆,看起来确实像垃圾啊。

Good eye, Billy, that's because it was garbage.

好眼力,比利,因为它就是垃圾。

Whereas modern corn has a kernel count in the hundreds, Teosinte only has 5 to 12,

现代玉米的颗粒数量可以上百,而大刍草的颗粒数量只有5到12个,

with each one being encased in a hard shell that's basically impossible to get into, short of boiling it or chipping a tooth.

而且每个玉米粒都包裹在坚硬的外壳里,除非将其煮沸或崩掉一颗牙齿,否则基本上无法攻进外壳。

The fact that people decided to domesticate it in the first place makes sense once you realize that most grains are basically the same thing.

如果你意识到大多数谷物颗粒基本上都是一样的,那么人们当初决定驯化这种东西就变得合理了。

But honestly, that just makes me wish people figured out how to turn a piece of wheat into a big chunk of whatever to gnaw on.

但老实说,这只会让我希望,人们能想出办法把小麦变成一大块可以啃的什么东西。

This whole thing disappointed me so much that I actually moved it to the top of my list of reasons not to visit the Mayans if I ever get a time machine.

古代玉米让我非常失望,以至于我把它移到了我“不去拜访玛雅人的理由清单”首位,如果我有了时光机的话。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
shell [ʃel]

想一想再看

n. 壳,外壳
v. 去壳,脱落,拾贝壳

 
convince [kən'vins]

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vt. 使确信,使信服,说服

联想记忆
resemble [ri'zembl]

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vt. 相似,类似,像

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horrific [hɔ'rifik]

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adj. 令人毛骨悚然的,可怖的

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sock [sɔk]

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n. 短袜
vt. 给 ... 穿短袜 <

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corporation [.kɔ:pə'reiʃən]

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n. 公司,法人,集团

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isolated ['aisəleitid]

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adj. 分离的,孤立的

 
transformation [.trænsfə'meiʃən]

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n. 转型,转化,改造

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opportunity [.ɔpə'tju:niti]

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n. 机会,时机

 
approximately [ə'prɔksimitli]

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adv. 近似地,大约

 

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