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What is schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a term that literally translates to split-mind.
什么是精神分裂症？精神分裂症这一术语简单来说就是分裂的精神。
There's a common misconception that people diagnosed with schizophrenia have split-personalities.
人们常误解认为患有精神分裂症的人拥有着分裂的人格。
Experiencing fragments of one's personality occurs in people with dissociative identity disorder or did not schizophrenia.
人格分裂指的是那些患有分离性身份识别障碍的患者而非精神分裂症患者。
Like many mental disorders, people with schizophrenia are often stigmatized.
和多数精神障碍一样，患有精神分裂症的人常常被别人指手画脚。
But did you know there are some famous individuals diagnosed with this mental illness
但是你知道么，一些著名人士也患有这种精神障碍
who use their amazing talents to contribute positively to the world.
他们利用自己惊艳的才能为这个世界做出了积极的贡献。
People like John Nash, a brilliant mathematician and author Jack Kerouac both had schizophrenia.
著名数学家约翰·纳什以及作家杰克·凯鲁亚克都患有精神分裂症。
Our mission today is to help break down the stigmas associated with this disorder.
我们今天的任务就是帮助打破这种精神障碍下的耻辱烙印。
Here are five facts you need to know about schizophrenia.
以下五点是你需要知道的关于精神分裂症的事实。
1. Symptoms and signs of schizophrenia.
1. 精神分裂症的症状和兆头。
First and foremost, we want you to know that it's never a good idea to self-diagnose.
首先，我们想告诉你千万不要进行自我诊断。
If anything hits close to home, please visit a health professional in order to receive reliable insight.
如果有哪些症状相似的话，请去看专业医生进行可信赖的检查。
According to the American Psychological Association, 1 in 100 Americans are usually diagnosed with schizophrenia.
美国心理学会表示，一百个美国人中就有一人被诊断为精神分裂症。
One major sign, professionals often look out for is whether the patient experiences frequent hallucinations.
专业医生寻找的一个主要迹象就是病人是否经常出现幻觉。
They might hear voices in their head and see, smell or hear things that aren't real.
他们或许听到大脑里的声音，看到、闻到或听到一些不真实的东西。
They may also have delusions which are distinct beliefs that others do not have.
他们或许还会妄想出一些其他人没有的独特信念。
For instance, a patient might believe the government is after them
例如，病人或许会认为政府在跟踪他们
or that they are working on an important case for the CIA when they really are.
或者他们在为CIA工作调查重案。
John Nash had frequent delusions that someone was following him,
约翰·纳什经常出现幻觉觉得有人在跟踪他，
he also experienced paranoia where he never allowed visitors to stand between him and the door in his office.
他还是个偏执狂，在办公室里，他从不让客人站在他和门之间。
2. Causes of schizophrenia.
2. 精神分裂症的起因。
To this day, the main cause of schizophrenia is still under debate.
直到今天，精神分裂症的主要病因仍在争论之中。
Scientists, however, have found various risk factors such as certain brain structures and chemical imbalances
但科学家发现各种风险因素，比如某种脑结构以及化学物质不平衡
that might make one prone to developing schizophrenia.
可能会让人出现患精神分裂症的倾向。
Researchers have also hypothesized that genetics plays a role but inheritance still isn't considered a direct cause.
研究人员还假设遗传在其中起到作用，但是遗传仍不是直接起因。
Some individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia come from families without any documented history of it.
一些患有精神分裂症人，他们的家族中并没有任何精神分裂症史。
Like many psychological disorders the interplay of genetics and the environment applies to schizophrenia.
和很多心理障碍一样，遗传和环境的相互作用适用于精神分裂症。
Environmental factors such as viruses and complications before or during birth are under consideration as causes.
环境因素，比如病毒和出生前后的并发症，是否是其起因还在讨论之中。
3. Treatment options.
3. 治疗方案。
One major treatment option is medication prescribed by a health professional, most commonly antipsychotics.
一种主要治疗方案是由专业医师开的药，通常是抗精神病药。
Similar to anxiety and depression, schizophrenia exists on a spectrum so depending where the patient falls,
和焦虑症和抑郁症相似，精神分裂症也有波谱，因此病人患病程度不同，
their daily dosage can substantially vary from another's.
他们每日用药的剂量也有实质性的区别。
Psychotherapy is another treatment option for schizophrenia
心理疗法是治疗精神分裂症的另一种方法
that is incredibly effective for overcoming challenges at home, your workplace or in your relationships.
这对于克服在家里、公司和关系之中的挑战特别有效。
Visiting support groups is also worth looking into.
去支持小组也值得一试。
It's important to talk to your doctor to help you choose the best options that work for you.
重要的是和你的医生交谈，帮助你选择适合你的治疗方案。
4. What teachers can do.
4. 老师可以做什么。
Educating children with schizophrenia can be highly challenging for teachers.
教育患有精神分裂症的孩子，对老师而言是一件非常具有挑战性的事。
In such instances, it's important to reduce the stress levels in the class environment as much as possible
在这种情况下，应尽可能减少班级环境中的压力
by allowing the child frequent breaks and opportunities to check in with you.
让孩子休息并有机会和你交谈。
Another stress reducer involves setting realistic goals and communicating well with the child's parents.
另外一些减压方法包括设立现实目标，和孩子的家长积极沟通。
Tackling issues together and reducing complications becomes easier
当父母能够经常了解孩子在学校的表现时，
when parents regularly update the teachers on their child's well-being.
家长和老师共同解决问题和并发症就变得更加容易。
5. What parents can do.
5. 父母可以做什么。
It's important for parents to remember that schizophrenia is a truly terrifying experience for children.
重要的是父母要记住精神分裂症对孩子来说真的是非常恐怖的经历。
Children might not fully understand the disorder making the hallucinations and delusions that much more real to them,
孩子或许无法完全理解这种障碍症，这让他们觉得那些幻觉和错觉更加真实，
therefore, it's important not to be dismissive, support them by listening and taking their concerns seriously.
因此不要表现出轻视，而是要倾听、认真对待他们的忧虑以此来支持他们。
It's common first gets frantic patients to withdraw from family and friends making it terribly difficult to read them
病人常脱离自己的家人和朋友，这使得身边的人更加难以理解他们，
especially when they aren't always expressive about their emotions.
尤其是他们并不总会吐露自己的情绪。
It will be a confusing journey but you're not expected to have all the answers.
这将是一场令人疑惑的旅程，但是你不需要得到所有的答案。
Instead seek professional help and explore all the options with your child together to maintain a close fulfilling bond.
寻求专业医师帮助，和你的孩子共同探讨治疗方案维持你们之间的纽带。
Remember your child needs you to be there for them.
记住你的孩子需要你们的陪伴。
Do you struggle with schizophrenia or know someone who does? Please share your thoughts with us below
你或你认识的人还在和精神分裂症斗争么？请在下方告知你们的想法。
We also provided some helpful sources you can check out in our description box.
我们在下方提供了一些有用的联系方式。
Please be sure to subscribe to our channel as well for more helpful tips and share this video with others.
请一定记得订阅我们的频道获取更多有用妙招，并将这个视频分享给其他人。
With your help, we can reach more people to spread awareness on mental health issues. Thanks for watching!
有了你们的帮助，我们可以惠及更多人传播对精神健康问题的意识。感谢收看！
