【新闻精讲】

Head to the mountains, and if the steep trails don't slow you down, the thin air will. There's less oxygen up there—so strenuous activity can leave you dizzy, out of breath…or worse. But even though you're beat, biochemical processes are already busy at work, acclimating your body.
Scientists investigated those pathways in humans and mice. They found that exposure to low oxygen depletes stores of a red-blood-cell protein called eENT1. That's a good thing. Because now other substances that protect your body against low oxygen are free to rapidly accumulate and help the body adapt.
But here's the kicker—once the eENT1 protein goes away, it doesn’t come back. Meaning red blood cells kind of 'remember' their altitude exposure. And that means if you hit the mountains again soon enough, you can acclimate faster than you did the first time. The findings are in the journalNature Communications.
There is one caveat. "In humans the red blood cell lifespan is 120 days." Study author Yang Xia, a biochemist with the UT Health Science Center in Houston. "So the longer you stay at sea level before you re-climb to high altitude, then such memory will gradually disappear." So unless you're a frequent mountain climber—there's really no shortcut to acclimatization. Then again, there's no shortcut to the summit, either.

【精讲文本】
Head to the mountains, and if the steep trails don‘t slow you down, the thin air will. 爬山的时候，即便陡峭而崎岖的山路不能让你放慢脚步，那么稀薄的空气也会让你慢下来
Steep 陡峭
Trail
1. 崎岖小路
例：He was following a trail through the trees.
他正沿着一条崎岖小路穿过树林。
2. 痕迹 =》 追踪
例：Everywhere in the house was a sticky trail of orange juice.
房子里到处都是粘乎乎的橙汁印迹。

There's less oxygen up there—so strenuous activity can leave you dizzy, out of breath…or worse.
山上缺氧，所以，剧烈的运动能让人头昏，更难以呼吸。
strenuous
艰苦的; 剧烈的
例：Avoid strenuous exercise in the evening.
应避免在傍晚进行剧烈的运动。
Dizzy
眩晕的
例：Her head still hurt, and she felt slightly dizzy and disoriented.
她的头还在痛，感觉有些眩晕，分不清方向。

But even though you're beat, biochemical processes are already busy at work, acclimating your body.
但是，尽管你筋疲力尽，体内生化代谢依然在活动，来适应你的身体
Beat
形容词！！
筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的
Acclimate
使适应; 对…适应
Yet as challenging as heat and humidity are, people can acclimate.
虽然热度和湿度都有影响，但人们能够适应。

Scientists investigated those pathways in humans and mice. They found that exposure to low oxygen depletes stores of a red-blood-cell protein called eENT1.
科学家一直详细调查人类和老鼠的生化路径。他们发现，在低氧环境下会耗尽血红蛋白eENT1
Pathway
路径
例：Richard was coming up the pathway.
理查德正沿路走来。
Deplete
消耗
例：...substances that deplete the ozone layer.
…消耗臭氧层的物质。

That's a good thing. Because now other substances that protect your body against low oxygen are free to rapidly accumulate and help the body adapt.
这其实是好事！因为，现在其他护卫身体的物质在低氧环境下会自由快速累积，并且帮助身体适应这种低氧环境。
Substance
1. 物质
2. 实质
例：It's questionable whether anything of substance has been achieved.
是否已取得任何实质性的进展值得质疑。
3. 正确性
例：,There is no substance in any of these allegations.
这些指控没有一个是正确的。

But here's the kicker—once the eENT1 protein goes away, it doesn’t come back.
Meaning red blood cells kind of 'remember' their altitude exposure.
但也有意外的是，eENT1蛋白消失后，就不再出现。也就意味血红细胞某种程度上能记住所在的高度
Kicker
1. 意外转折
2. 陷阱：隐藏的或棘手的情况；隐患：
“The kicker is that the relationship of guide and seeker gets all mixed up with a confusing male-female attachment”(Gail Sheehy)
“问题难就难在导游和探险者卷入了令人不明的男女感情关系中”(盖尔•希伊)

And that means if you hit the mountains again soon enough, you can acclimate faster than you did the first time.
也意味着，假如你再爬山的时候，你比第一次爬山更快快适应
The findings are in the journal Nature Communications.
这个发现发表在《自然》杂志
Hit
1. 达到
例：He admits to having hit the lowest point in his life.
他承认自己跌到了一生中的最低谷。
2. 使突然意识到
例：It hit me that I had a choice.
我突然意识到我可以有所选择。

There is one caveat. "In humans the red blood cell lifespan is 120 days."
值得注意，人类红细胞的生命周期是120天
Caveat
警告; 提醒
例：There was one caveat: he was not to enter into a merger or otherwise weaken the Roche family's control of the firm.
提醒一下：他不是要参与并购或其他削弱罗技家族对该公司控制的行动。
Lifespan
寿命
例：A 15-year lifespan is not uncommon for a dog.
15年的寿命对狗来说并非罕见。

Study author Yang Xia, a biochemist with the UT Health Science Center in Houston. "So the longer you stay at sea level before you re-climb to high altitude, then such memory will gradually disappear.“
这篇研究的作者是休士顿健康中心的生化科学家Yang Xia；他说，在重新爬高山的时候，待在海平面的时间越长，那么这种血液记忆能力就逐渐消失

So unless you're a frequent mountain climber—there's really no shortcut to acclimatization. Then again, there's no shortcut to the summit, either.
所以说，除非你长期登山运动爱好者，否则没有适应的捷径。也没有通往高峰的捷径
shortcut
1. 捷径
例：Fame can be a shortcut to love and money.
名望可以是得到爱情和金钱的捷径。
2. 快捷方式
例：There are any number of ways to move or copy icons or create shortcuts in Windows.
视窗操作系统中有很多方法来移动或复制图标或创建快捷方式。