第二篇        Life in the Universe

　　Many scientists today are convinced that 1ire exists elsewhere in the universe-life probably much like that on our own planet．They reason in the following way．

　　As far as astronomers(天文学家)can determine，the entire universe is built of the same matter．They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe；Therefore，it is reasonable to guess that other stars，with their own planets，were bom in， the salne way as our own solar system．What we know of lire on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist．

　　Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere．This eliminates all those planets ill the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth．A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere；a larger one would hold too much of it．

　　Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light．This eliminates double stars．or stars that flare up(闪耀)suddenly．Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify．

　　Finally,life could evolve only if the planet is iust the right distance from its sun．With a weaker sun than our own，the planet would have to be closer to it．With a stronger sun，it would have to be farther away．

　　If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets，then how many planets might support life?First，eliminate those stars that are not 1ike our sun．Next，eliminate most of their planets；they are either too far from or too close to their suns．Ttmn eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth．Finally,remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet．It may not have begun yet，or it may have already died out．

　　This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found．However,even if life could exist on only one planet in a million．there are so many billions of planets that this would stillIeave a vast number on which life could exist．

　　36 Astronomers belmve that matter in different parts of the universe

　　A  obeys different laws．

　　B  obeys one common law．

　　C  obeys the same laws．

　　D  obeys no common law．

　　37 The passage mentions all of the following factors for the existence of life EXCEPT

　　A  the fight amount of atmosphere．

　　B  a steady supply of water．

　　C  steady heat and light．

　　D  the fight distance from the sun．

　　38 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

　　A  Astronomers believe that the universe is built of the same matter．

　　B  Proper conditions are essential to the existence of life．

　　C  Double stars can provide steady light and heat．

　　D  Astronomers believe that other solar systems are similar in structure to ours．

　　39 What kind of planet elsewhere in the universe can support life?

　　A Those double stars'planets．

　　B Those planets much hotter than our earth．

　　C Those planets similar to the earth．

　　D Those planets very close to their suns．

　　40 At the end of the passage the author suggests that

　　A  it is impossible for life to exist on other planets

　　B  earthlike life could only exist on a few planets．

　　C  life could exist on only one planet in a million．

　　D  life could exist on a great number of planets．

　　第三篇       Valuing Childhood

　　The value of childhood is easily blurred(变得模糊不清)in today world．Consider some recent developments：The child．murderers in the Jonesboro,Ark．schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced．Two boys,7 and 8，were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chicago．

　　Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will．Yet, as 1egal proceedings in Jonesboro showed，the one．boy who was able to address the court couldn't begin to explain his acts．though he tried to apologize．There may have been a motive-youthful jealousy(妒忌)and resentment．But a deeper question remains：Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently 1ack any inner,moral restraint?

　　That question echoes for the accused in Chicago，young as they are．They wanted the girl's bicycle，a selfish impulse common enough among kids．

　　Redemption(拯救)is a practical necessity．How can value be restored to young lives distorted(扭曲)by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time．Despite horror at what was done．children are not-cannot be-dealt with as adults．not if a peopie wants to consider itself civilized．That's why politicians'cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point．

　　But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources . Family instability(不稳定)contributes．So does economic stress．That void，however,can be filled．The work starts with parents，who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong．Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought?

　　Schools，too，have a role in building character．So do youth organizations．So do law enforcement agencies，which can do more to inform the young about laws，their meaning，and their observance(遵守)．

　　The goal,ultimately,is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to．adulthood(成年)，so that tragic gaps in moral judgement am less likely to occur. The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don't go that far,but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide-and which progressive human society relies on．

　　41 The two boys in Chicago were

　　A  shot．

　　B  murdered．

　　C  accused．

　　D  sentenced．

　　42 The boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of

　　A  right and wrong．

　　B discipline．

　　C  sharne．

　　D  safety．

　　43 According to politicians，when children comm．it crimes，they should be tmated in the same way as

　　A  murderers．

　　B  criminals．

　　C  victims．

　　D  adults．

　　44 Which ofthe following does the writer cite as a source of moral void?

　　A  Official corruption．

　　B  Social injustice．

　　C  Family instability．

　　D  Racial discrimination

　　45 Which of the statements is NOT true according to this passage?

　　A  Parents should strengthen moral instruction．

　　B  Schools should help create a moral sense in children．

　　C Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws．

　　D  Youth organizations play no role in building character．

　　第5部分：补全短文  (第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

　　阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　How to Do Well in Exams

　　Do not underestimate(低估)the power of revision in the days and hours before an examination．The closer you are to the exam，the more chance you have of storing and retaining cmciai information．But do not overdo it．      (46)An effective daily routine can help you through an exam period，so in the days leading up to your first exam．get into the habit of being up and ready to work by game．It can be a shock to the system after months of working to your own timetable to be mentally alert at that time if you have not prepared for it．

　　On the day of the exam，have a good breakfast，pack two of everything you need(pens， pencils，erasers，etc．)，then make your way to the examination hall in good time         (47)

　　Once in your seat，simply pause for a few seconds and colle．ct your thoughts．Close your eyes and take in a few slow,deep breaths to help you relax．When you turn over the test paper，spend a short period reading through all the instructions and questions，paying particular attention to key verbs such as"discuss"．"compare"and"evaluate"．        (48)It is always wise to

　　allow 10 minutes at the end of the exam to give yourself time to go back over your answers．Once you have selected the questions you wish to tackle，begin by attempting the one you think is your strongest．It will give you more confidence when you see a well-answered question down on paper．Also remember to write clearly,and do not be afraid to express the unexpected：after all，examiners can get very bored marking stereotypical(千篇一律的)answers．

　　（49）If you do need something else to focus on to help you collect your thoughts，choose a fixture(固定设施)in the room，such as the ceiling一or anything else that will not allow you to be distracted．

　　Finally，once you have finished，never hang around outside afterwards to attend the discussion by other students．           (50)

　　A Do not arrive too early，though，as other people's anxiety can be contagious(传染性的)，and you may suffer from undue panic．

　　B  Try not to be tempted to look at those around you,or at the clock.

　　C  When you get home，read the examination paper through and look up all the words you didn't understand．

　　D  Sleep，exercise and relaxation are all just as important．

　　E  Map out a quick plan of points you wish to make and how much time you should spend on each question．

　　F  Go and have a well-eamed rest-then prepare for your next exam．

　　第6部分：完形填空  (第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)

　　阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　The Central Problem of Economies

　　The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants.

　　The problem we are faced with is that our resources．here identified as money,are      (51)．The only way we can resolve our problem is to make choices．After looking at our resources，we must examine our list of immediately,those we can postpone，and      (52)and identify the things we need        (53)we cannot afford．As individuals，we face the central problem involved in economics-deciding just how to allocate our limited resources to provide ourselves with the greatest          (54)of our wants．

　　Nations face the same problem. As a country's population      (55)，the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly．Resources necessary to production may increase，but there are       (56)enough resources to sarisfy the total desires of a nation．Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living room，in the conference room of the corporation               （57）of directors，or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Wadington,the basic problem still exists. We needto find       (58) of allocating (分配)limited resources in order to sarisfy unlimited wants.

　　A short time ago economists divided goods into two categories，free and economic．The former,like air and water,were in      (59)abundance that economists had no concern for them．After all，economics is the．Today many of these"free goods"are       (60)of scarcity(匮乏)and what to do about it．      (61)very expensive to use．Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers who have to filter their waste products，for consumers who ultimately(最终)pay for the producers'extra costs，and      （62） taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the enviromnent：

　　In the 1990s，almost all goods are         (63)．Only by effort andmoney cantheybe         (64)in the form people wish．

　　Meeting the needs of people and the demands from resources available lcads to the basic activity of production．In trying to       (65)unlimited wants from limited economic goods，production leads to new problems in economics．

　　51 A limited    B unlimited    C  exhausted   D abundant

　　52 A concepts    B supplies    C  wants    D resources

　　53 A those    B some    C  others     D many

　　54 A expresmon    B description    C  sarisfaction  D limitation

　　55 A climbs    B extends    C  grows    D raises

　　56 A always    B sometimes    C  often   D never

　　57 A management    B function    C  board    D company

　　58 A necessities    B possibilities    C  needs   D methods

　　59 A so       B great      C  such     D such an

　　60 A form      B study      C  means    D source

　　61 A intime      B in practice    C  in reality    D in turn

　　62 A then        B also     C  for      D with

　　63 A plentiful    B scarce       C poor     D enough

　　64 A accepted    B obtained     C  ofrered  D discovered

　　65 A create    B depress    C  restrain    D meet

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