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Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from Mohammadreza about the usage of the words “avant-garde” and “vanguard.”
你好！本周《名师答疑》，我们回答来自穆罕默德雷扎的一个问题，即如何使用avant-garde（前卫派；先锋派）和vanguard（先驱者；先锋）这两个词。
Dear Teacher, could you please explain (the) meaning of avant-garde and vanguard?
亲爱的老师，您能否解释一下avant-garde和vanguard的含义？
And what's the difference?
这两个词的区别是什么呢？
Thank you for writing to us, Mohammadreza.
感谢你的来信，穆罕默德雷扎。
I’m happy to answer this question.
我很高兴回答这个问题。
We use both of these words to help us describe new ways of doing things or the people involved in those new methods.
我们使用这两个词来描述做事的新方法或参与这些新方法的人。
However, we can use “vanguard” for more situations than “avant-garde.”
然而，vanguard比avant-garde适用范围更广。
“Avant-garde” mostly describes the newest styles in the arts — such as writing, music, painting and filmmaking.
“先锋派”主要描述艺术领域的最新风格，例如写作、音乐、绘画和电影制作。
It can also describe the people who make those new styles.
也可以描述创造新风格的人。
Consider these examples:
请思考以下例句：
To some listeners, the music of avant-garde composers may sound strange.
对某些听众来说，先锋作曲家的音乐可能听起来很奇怪。
Her paintings fit within the avant-garde style of the 1960s.
她的画作属于20世纪60年代的先锋派风格。
We usually use the definite article “the” before “avant-garde” to describe the people involved in the new style, as in the following example:
我们通常在avant-garde前使用定冠词the来描述属于这种新风格的人，如下例所示：
This style of filmmaking became popular among the avant-garde.
这种电影制作风格在先锋派中变得流行起来。
Note that we can use “avant-garde” as either a noun or an adjective.
请注意，avant-garde用作名词或形容词均可。
However, “vanguard” is almost always a noun.
然而，vanguard几乎总是名词。
“The vanguard” often refers to the people leading new developments.
“先锋”通常指的是引领新发展的人。
When we use the term “the vanguard,” we usually use the prepositions “at,” “in,” or “among” before it, as in these examples:
当我们使用“先锋”这个词时，通常会在它前面使用介词at、in或among，例如：
The research team works at the vanguard of computer science.
该研究团队处于计算机科学的领先地位。
The university students were in the vanguard of political change.
大学生处于政治变革的先锋。
She is among the vanguard of doctors supporting the new treatment.
她是支持新疗法的先锋医生之一。
“Vanguard” also means the advance guard of an army that goes ahead of the main group.
Vanguard也指军队的先头部队，走在主力部队的前面。
Both “avant-garde” and “vanguard” come from the French language.
avant-garde和vanguard这两个词都来自法语。
In fact, English has hundreds of words that come from French.
事实上，英语中有数百个来自法语的单词。
Some examples include coup-d’état, chef, chic, and chauffeur.
包括政变、厨师、时髦、司机。
And that’s Ask a Teacher.
这就是本期的《名师答疑》。
I’m Andrew Smith.
我是安德鲁·史密斯。
