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Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from Yutaro in Japan about how to summarize what you hear or read.
你好！本周《名师答疑》，我们回答来自日本的优太郎提出的一个问题，即如何总结你所听到或读到的内容。
Dear Teacher, I enjoy listening to VOA Learning English every night.
亲爱的老师，我喜欢每天晚上听美国之音英语学习栏目。
I have a question about "summarizing."
我有一个关于“总结”的问题。
How do I summarize a speech, paper, or other text I've listened to?
怎样总结我听到的演讲、论文或其他文本？
I have to improve my summary skills to pass the upcoming entrance exam.
我必须提高我的总结能力，以通过即将到来的入学考试。
Thank you for writing to us, Yutaro.
感谢你给我们写信，优太郎。
I’m happy to answer this question.
我很高兴回答这个问题。
“Summarize” is the verb form of the word “summary.”
Summarize是summary这个词的动词形式。
A summary briefly explains the main ideas of a piece of writing or a speech but does not include all the details.
总结简要地解释一篇文章或演讲的主要思想，但不包括所有细节。
It is often only one or two paragraphs long.
它通常只有一两段。
Being able to summarize is a useful skill to have, not only for passing exams but also for working in professions.
能够进行总结是一项有用的技能，不仅对于通过考试，而且对于从事职业工作都很有用。
To summarize well, you need to separate the main ideas from less important details.
要做好总结，你需要把主要观点和不太重要的细节区分开来。
You can use the following method to do this:
你可以使用以下方法来总结：
First, read or listen to the material one time without writing any notes.
首先，阅读或听材料一次，不要写任何笔记。
This will help your mind focus on understanding the ideas.
这将有助于让你的思维专注于理解这些想法。
Next, read or listen again.
接下来，再读或再听一遍。
But this time, write notes and be sure to identify the main ideas along with some details.
但这次要做笔记，并且一定要找出主要观点以及一些细节。
You can mark main ideas by putting a star next to them, underlining them, or using a colored pen to mark them.
你可以在主要观点旁边画一颗星、给它们加下划线或用彩笔标记主要观点。
Next, take a separate piece of paper and try to write only the main ideas.
接下来，再拿一张纸，试着只写下主要观点。
Then, decide which details are necessary to include so that the main ideas are clear.
然后，决定哪些细节是必须包含的，以便让主要观点更清晰。
Remember, in a summary, you cannot include every detail.
请记住，在总结中，你不可能包含每一个细节。
This is sometimes difficult to do at first and requires careful thought.
有时一开始很难做到，需要仔细思考。
If you can, let a few hours pass between the time when you first take notes and the time when you write the main ideas.
如果可以的话，在你第一次做笔记之后，等几个小时再写下主要观点。
This is a good way to see if you can remember and organize the main points in your mind.
这是方法可以看看你是否能记住并在脑海中组织要点。
You can also try the following method to prepare a summary:
你也可以尝试以下方法来写总结：
Try to explain the material as if you were talking about it with your friends or family.
试着解释材料，就好像你在和朋友或家人谈论它一样。
In those situations, you would naturally just focus on the main ideas and possibly add a few important details.
在这些情况下，你自然而然地会只关注主要观点，可能会添加一些重要的细节。
Practice explaining the ideas by speaking out loud.
请通过说出声来练习解释观点。
When you speak, you will probably discover the things you can explain clearly and those things you need to check again.
当你说话时，你可能会发现你能够解释清楚某些事情，但对于另一些事情还需要再次查看原材料。
Finally, you can write the summary, keeping in mind the way you presented the main ideas when you spoke about them.
最后，你可以写总结了，记住你在谈论主要观点时是怎样呈现这些观点的。
And that’s Ask a Teacher.
以上就是本期《名师答疑》。
I’m Andrew Smith.
我是安德鲁·史密斯。
