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Asthma symptoms can be as innocent as a little trouble catching your breath to severe wheezing. You could have one sign of asthma one day and something else-or nothing-the next, and your friend with asthma might have an entirely different set of symptoms.
哮喘症状可能小至呼吸有问题或喘息剧烈。有朝一日，你可能有哮喘的迹象--或者什么都没有--接下来，你患哮喘的朋友可能出现完全不同的症状。
To make things even more confusing, many of the common symptoms of asthma mimic those of other conditions. Here's a guide to recognizing asthma symptoms. Although only your doctor can tell you for sure (through your medical history and a physical exam), being familiar with the signs will help lead you to the right treatment.
哮喘的很多常见症状与其它症状相似，让人觉得很困惑。本文将指导您如何识别哮喘症状。尽管只有你的医生能明确告诉你你是否患有哮喘（通过你的病历和体检），熟悉这些迹象或有助于你找到合适的治疗方法。
"Most asthmatics should be able to be treated so they can lead a normal life and exercise and do things they want," says Albert A. Rizzo, MD, senior medical advisor for the American Lung Association.
"大多数的哮喘患者应该得到治疗，这样他们就能过上正常生活、锻炼、做他们想做的事情，"美国肺脏协会高级医学顾问Albert A. Rizzo医学博士说道。
Coughing
咳嗽
Coughing is a sign that your airways are inflamed, a hallmark of asthma. Inflamed airways are also sensitive airways; the increased sensitivity makes you more likely to cough in response to allergens such as pollen or irritants like perfume in an effort to ease the irritation. (When allergens trigger your asthma symptoms, you're said to have allergic asthma.)
咳嗽是呼吸道发炎的一个迹象，是哮喘的标志。发炎的呼吸道十分敏感；敏感度升高会让你更咳嗽，以此应对花粉等过敏原或香水等刺激物来缓解疼痛。（当过敏原刺激哮喘症状时，你可能会患上过敏性哮喘。）
Coughing can also be a result of smoking or a sign of a viral infection, but it's more likely to be asthma if it lingers for more than two weeks, keeps coming back, or is triggered by allergens like pollen. Asthma-related coughing tends to be worse at night and in the early morning.
咳嗽可能是吸烟所致，也有可能是病毒感染的迹象，但如果咳了2周以上、不断的咳嗽或是由花粉等过敏原引起的话，那就更有可能是哮喘。与哮喘相关的咳嗽往往会在夜里和清晨变得更加严重。
Coughing is the only symptom of a type of asthma called cough-variant asthma (CVA). People with CVA usually need an inhaler to control their chronic cough, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology.
咳嗽是咳嗽变异性哮喘（哮喘的一种）的唯一症状。美国过敏、哮喘和免疫学学院表示，咳嗽变异性哮喘患者通常需要喷雾剂控制他们的慢性咳嗽。
Shortness of breath
呼吸短促
Running out of air, along with other signs like a cough, as well as a family history of asthma or allergies, can also signal asthma. Some people say they have no problem breathing in but that breathing out can be difficult.
喘不上气，以及咳嗽等其它症状和哮喘或过敏家族史，也是哮喘的迹象。有些人说他们吸气没问题，但却无法呼气。
Of course, shortness of breath can also have many other causes: obesity, heart problems, emphysema, COPD, and more. Chances are it's not asthma if the symptoms started after the age of 50.
当然，呼吸短促也可能是由其它原因导致的：肥胖、心脏问题、肺气肿和慢性阻塞性肺病等。但如果你50岁之后才有了这些症状，那么患哮喘的可能性就不是很大。
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