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The quality of health care has gotten better in many communities across the country, though the degree of change has been relatively small, according to a national study released Thursday.
据周四发布的一项全国性研究表明，全国各地许多社区的医疗保健质量已越来越好，但变化程度相对较小。
Researchers for the nonpartisan Commonwealth Fund, who looked at conditions in 306 communities, found that health systems improved more than they worsened between 2011 and 2014. Increased insurance coverage because of the Affordable Care Act was a key factor — with states that expanded Medicaid to lower-income adults faring well — as was doctors and other providers scoring better on quality and efficiency measures.
在无党派性质的联邦基金会工作的研究员观察了306个社区的卫生情况后，发现卫生系统的提升程度比在2011-2014年的恶化程度更高。由于平价医疗法案，各州将医疗补助扩展至生活得还不错的低收入人群，保险覆盖率得到了增加，这是一个主要因素；医生和其他提供者在质量和效率措施方面做出了更好的成绩也是一个主要因素。
“These findings are encouraging,” David Blumenthal, the foundation's president, said during a news briefing. “They show that with the right policies and actions, we can make our health system work better for all of us.”
“这些研究结果十分振奋人心，”基金会的主席大卫•布卢门撒尔在新闻发布会上说道，“他们告诉我们，有了正确的政策和行动，我们就能使我们的卫生系统更好的为所有人服务。”
The scorecard ranked local areas using 33 measures grouped into four categories: access and affordability; prevention and treatment; avoidable hospital use and cost; and health indicators such as the death rates from certain cancers, adult obesity and infant mortality.
我们使用了33种方法，在记分卡上对地方区域进行排名。这33种方法可分为四类：访问权和支付能力；预防和治疗；可避免的医院使用和费用以及健康指标，例如某些癌症的死亡率，成人肥胖率和婴儿死亡率。
Nearly all communities had more improvements than declines, but there were stark contrasts among states and regions. Communities in the upper Midwest and New England fared better than those in the South.
几乎所有社区改善的地方都比衰落的地方要多，但是各州和各地区间还是存在着鲜明对比。位于中西部和英格兰的社区比南部的社区改善的更好。
California and Minnesota accounted for seven of the 10 leading areas: San Mateo, San Francisco and San Jose, plus St. Paul, Rochester, St. Cloud and Minneapolis. Among areas needing the most improvement, five were in Mississippi: Jackson, Meridian, Gulfport, Oxford and Hattiesburg.
十大领先地区中，加利福尼亚州和明尼苏达州地区占了七个：圣马特奥市、旧金山、圣何塞、再加上圣保罗、罗切斯特、圣克芬德和明尼阿波利斯。在最需要改进医疗保健条件的地区中，密西西比州就有5个：杰克逊、默里迪恩、格尔夫波特、牛津和哈蒂斯堡。
The differences in health can be illustrated by one statistic: adults who lose six or more teeth to decay or gum disease. In Oxford, 21 percent do, compared with just 6 percent of adults in Honolulu, the best-performing community on the scorecard.
健康的差异可由一个数据阐明：由于蛀牙或牙龈疾病掉了至少6颗牙齿的成年人。在牛津，21%的成年人掉了至少6颗牙齿，而火奴鲁鲁的比率却只有6%，火奴鲁鲁是记分卡上医疗保健表现最好的地区。
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