ISIS (the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham) also known as ISIL, and DAESH seemed to appear very suddenly, out of nowhere, in 2014. By 29 June of that year it had proclaimed a new Worldwide Caliphate with its leader Abu Bakr al Baghdadi as Caliph.
ISIS（伊拉克和大叙利亚伊斯兰国）也称ISIL（伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国）。2014年，“达伊沙” 不知从何处突然出现。2014年6月29日，ISIS声称建立了一个新的哈里发政权，其首领贝克尔·巴格达迪为国家的领导人。
ISIS insists on calling itself the Islamic State (to the chagrin of many Muslim countries around the world) but in spite of tales of almost unimaginable horror coming from the lands ISIS now control it has proved almost impossible for the west to understand what motivates ISIS and how to deal with them. This ignorance is fuelled, in great part, by ISIS themselves. They either prevent westerners from entering their domains or capture those who do enter, use them as hostages and then torture and kill them in a variety of increasingly gruesome ways while capturing the deaths on camera and disseminating them around the world to underline the power and uncompromising nature of ISIS. However, while there is much we do not know about ISIS, some key facts have come to light about their motivations and goals. So here is our top 10 list of things that ISIS really wants.
ISIS坚持自称伊斯兰国（全球很多穆斯林国家对此颇为不满）。尽管ISIS的领地上发生了大量令人惊骇之事，但是西方诸国对此类事件的动机难以理解也束手无策，而这种无知很大程度上对ISIS的行为起到了推波助澜的作用。ISIS不准西方国家的人进入他们的领地，或是将“擅入者”作为人质，以用之不尽的可怕手段来折磨直致杀死他们。ISIS还会将人质遭折磨致死的过程录像并散播出去，以展示自己的权威和强硬的本性。虽然我们对ISIS所知甚少，但是通过几个事实，我们可以更了解他们的动机与目标。以下是我们列出的10件ISIS所求之事。
10.To Be Seen As Separate From And More Islamic Than Al Qaeda
10.欲与基地组织割袍断义，并更加极端行事
ISIS started out in 1999 as Al-Qaeda in Iraq, fighting in the Iraqi insurgency and forming the Islamic State of Iraq in 2006. It advocated the use of extremely violent methods which led to discontent amongst partner organizations. By 2014 they had cut all ties with Al Qaeda, Al-Qaeda will not pledge allegiance to the Caliphate and their methods are criticized by ISIS as not being extreme or Islamic enough.
ISIS源起于1999年建立的伊拉克基地组织。2006年，该组织在伊拉克暴乱中奋战，并建立伊拉克伊斯兰国，ISIS因崇尚使用极端暴力手段引起合作组织的不满。2014年，ISIS与基地组织割袍断义。因为ISIS认为基地组织不再效忠于哈里发，他们的做事方法也不够极端或者不够“伊斯兰”。
Indeed when ordinary Syrians in the north of their country became fed-up of ISIS control and their brutal imposition of an extreme brand of Islam they rebelled. Fighting alongside them was the local Syrian Al-Qaeda cell – al Nusra. While Al-Qaeda and ISIS share many of the same intrinsic core beliefs and are both extreme terrorist groups they operate in fundamentally different manners. ISIS believes that it is necessary to establish territorial control and promote a Caliphate. Al-Qaeda are working towards the end goal of a caliphate but do not necessarily expect it to be established any time soon. ISIS believe that the declaration of the new Caliphate in 2014 was the first time in 1000 years that true Islam actually existed. Followers of ISIS believe that it is not possible to be a proper Muslim without pledging allegiance to a Caliph. The caliphate of the Ottoman Empire is regarded as a sham and all those who fail to pledge support to Al-Baghdadi (including Al-Qaeda) are failing in their duty as proper Muslims.
叙利亚北部的平民百姓开始反感并反抗ISIS的控制及其极端伊斯兰式的野蛮残暴。同样对抗ISIS的还有当地叙利亚反对派组织。虽然基地组织与ISIS在本质上有些许相同之处，但是他们的运作方法却有根本上的差异。ISIS认为，建立地方控制来发扬哈里发政权是必要的。基地组织虽以建立哈里发政权为战斗目标，但是时间上并没有那么紧迫。ISIS认为，2014年新哈里发政权的建立意味着伊斯兰的真正存在，而这也是1000年来的第一次。ISIS的追随者相信，一名合格的伊斯兰教徒应誓死效忠哈里发。他们认为奥斯曼土耳其帝国的哈里发政权是一个骗局，那些没有誓死追随巴格达迪（包括基地组织）的人都算不上一个合格的穆斯林教徒。
9.To 'Liberate' Istanbul And Raise The Flag Of Allah Over The White House.
9.解放伊斯坦布尔，真主入住白宫
ISIS has understood the need to engage with people on modern platforms and as such they are expert operators of Social Media and will engage with select reporters if the collaboration will be of some benefit to them. In 2014 they worked with Vice News to create a documentary to disseminate their beliefs to the Western World. In this documentary they threatened to attack Istanbul.
ISIS明白他们必须在现代化的平台上与人交战。因此，他们善于利用社会媒体，也会与特定的记者合作，前提是对他们有利。2014年，ISIS与维斯新闻合作，拍了一部纪录片，以向西方世界宣扬他们的信仰。在这部纪录片中，他们威胁要袭击伊斯坦布尔。
Turkey and Syria have been engaged in a long running dispute with Syria and Iraq concerning the building of the Ataturk Dam on the Euphrates River. This dam, built in the 1990s has helped regulate the availability of water in South East Turkey but it has, as a result, limited the amount of water reaching Syria and Iraq. ISIS threatened to 'liberate' Istanbul to force the opening of the dam. In the same video ISIS heckled the US, goading it to send soldiers who could be humiliated. They threatened to invade the west, capture women and orphan children and prophesied that the Flag of Allah would be raised over the White House. ISIS has further called on Muslims around the world to work together to kill 10 million Americans in retribution for the Muslims killed by the west.
土耳其长期以来与叙利亚和伊拉克冲突不断，原因就是幼发拉底河上的阿塔图尔克大坝（Ataturk Dam）。该水坝于20世纪90年代建成于土耳其南部，用于水的分配管理，叙利亚与伊拉克境内的可用水也因此减少。ISIS威胁要“解放”伊斯坦布尔，以迫使他们打开水坝。在这盘影像带中，ISIS一直在刁难美国，意图激怒美国派兵，好“供”他们羞辱。ISIS威胁要侵占西方各国，捕获妇女和孤儿，并预言真主的旗帜定会插在白宫之上。ISIS还号召全球的穆斯林国家共同努力，杀掉1000万美国人以祭奠被西方各国杀害的穆斯林教徒。
8.Defeat The Armies Of Rome At Dabiq
8.在达比克镇大战罗马军队
The town of Dabiq in Syria has a symbolic importance to ISIS that goes far beyond its strategic value, so important, that ISIS has used the name of the town as the name for their propaganda magazine. This importance harks back to a statement in a hadith (a saying of the Prophet Mohammed) which claims that the armies of Rome will meet the Armies of Islam at Dabiq where there will be a battle in which Islam will be ultimately victorious. This battle is part of the final Armageddon, or end of days and the battle of Dabiq will precede the conquest of the world before Jesus will return to lead the armies of Islam.
叙利亚的达比克镇对ISIS而言非常重要，其象征意义超越了其战略意义，ISIS甚至用达比克来命名其宣传杂志。这一重要性要追溯到穆罕默德圣训。圣训称，罗马大军将在达比克镇与伊斯兰军队交战，且伊斯兰大军会完胜。这场战役是世界末日善恶决战的一部分。在耶稣重新领导伊斯兰大军之前，达比克战役就是他们征服世界的序曲。
It is not quite certain who ISIS considers to be the modern day 'Rome'. The term could refer to Turkey as Istanbul was the capital of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire in the time of Mohammed or it could be any western led army or coalition, indeed any grouping that opposes ISIS. ISIS itself appears to be almost desperate to entice the armies of the west to Dabiq, In November 2014 the video of the gruesome beheading of Peter Kassig, the American aid worker showed the executioner boasting that his body was to be buried in Dabiq stating they were waiting for the armies to arrive.
我们不知道ISIS会将谁看做现代版的罗马，不过最有可能的是土耳其，毕竟在穆罕默德时期，伊斯坦布尔是拜占庭（东罗马帝国）的首都。当然，也有可能是西方国家军队或联盟。总之，只要反抗ISIS，就会被其当作死敌。ISIS费尽心机要把西方军队引到达比克镇。2014年11月，美国救援人员皮特卡塞格被斩首，丧心病狂的刽子手将过程录制下来，并声称将Peter的身体埋在了达比克镇，等待美国大军的到来。
7.To Adhere To A Hardline Interpretation Of Islam
7.坚持伊斯兰的强硬路线
It has become fashionable for those who condemn ISIS to claim they have nothing to do with Islam this is not factually correct. Many (indeed most) Muslims do not subscribe to or agree with ISIS' hardline interpretation of Islam but that does not mean that they are not Islamic or that they are not interpreting the Koran and other Islamic texts for their own ends. ISIS are Islamic fundamentalists –to fail to understand this is as wrong as failing to understand that extremist Christian groups can be both extreme and Christian. 92% of polled Saudi Arabians agreed, when asked that ISIS conformed to Islamic beliefs. This might not be surprising coming from Saudi Arabia where people follow a strict Wahhabist form of Islam but it is instructive. Any religion is open to both moderate and fundamentalist interpretations. It is more correct to say that the beliefs and practices of ISIS are not in line with modern moderate Muslim belief any more than moderate Christians believe in stoning women for adultery.
越来越多的人谴责ISIS，声称他们与伊斯兰并无关系，其实这一观点并不正确。许多（其实是大部分）穆斯林教徒不赞同ISIS的伊斯兰强硬路线，但是这并不意味着ISIS不信仰伊斯兰教或是不遵从《古兰经》或其他宗教文献的圣训。ISIS是正统伊斯兰教，这跟极端基督教组织既是极端分子又是基督教徒一样。沙特阿拉伯的一项民意调查表明，92%的人认为ISIS与伊斯兰教义相符。沙特阿拉伯信奉的是伊斯兰教里是最为严格的瓦哈比派，因此这个结果并不意外，反而提醒了我们：每一种宗教都有温和派和基要派。ISIS的信条与做法并不符合现代温和主义的穆斯林信条，但是一点儿也不比温和主义基督教（温和主义基督教徒认为通奸的女子应乱石打死）更过分。
If we ascribe modern western or, indeed, modern Muslim, values to ISIS it will only lead to analysts and opponents to make mistakes in understanding what ISIS want. Indeed, understanding the Islamic beliefs of ISIS is one of the keys to understanding their motivation which is to live life exactly as ordained by the Prophet Mohammed. ISIS believe it is the duty of all Muslims to do this. ISIS believes it is at war, surrounded by non-believers (any Muslim who does not subscribe to their strict interpretation is considered an apostate) and hostile neighbors, struggling to establish their religion in exactly the same way as Mohammed all those years ago.
如果我们把现代西方，或者是现代穆斯林等同于ISIS，只会让对手或分析家误解ISIS真正所求。理解ISIS的伊斯兰教信条是理解他们的动机——完全按照先知穆罕穆德的规定生活的关键之一。ISIS认为所有穆斯林教徒都有义务这么做。他们觉得自己已经处于战争之中，敌人是非信徒（所有不遵守ISIS严格信条的穆斯林），以及他们虎视眈眈的邻居，要竭尽全力按照穆罕默德的指引建立起自己的宗教。
6.Execute All Those Muslims They Believe To Be Apostate
6.处决所有叛教
Hand in hand with their desire to follow the teachings of Mohammed faithfully, ISIS believes that those Muslims who do not live exactly as they require are apostate, they follow a doctrine of Takfirism which requires all true Muslims to expose those who are apostate. There is no room for movement – to be a proper Muslim you must follow a hard line, pure, Sunni belief or you can legitimately be called apostate.
ISIS希望可以如实的遵从穆罕默德的教诲，而那些不遵守的穆斯林教徒都是叛教者。ISIS遵从Takfirism教条，要求所有真正的穆斯林教徒揭穿叛教者。一名合格的穆斯林教徒必须遵循强硬路线，纯粹的正统派信条，否则你就是叛教者，对此没有商量的余地。
While all Muslims are required to honor the Koran and the sayings of Mohammed these are not the only requirements ISIS sets out for 'Muslim' life. According to their interpretation anyone who touches or sells any drugs or alcohol is apostate. Wearing the wrong type of clothing is forbidden and a beard is mandatory. Belief in or the following of any evolution from the strict form of Islam promulgated by Mohammed is considered to be anathema as Mohammed was guided by divine wisdom and therefore proposed the perfect religion which has no need of change. Those who are takfir have to be executed in order to save the world from their sin. ISIS do not permit their followers to vote in elections – so any Muslim living in any democracy who has voted is apostate as is any Muslim who has run for office (this includes all Muslim heads of state). ISIS are Sunni Muslims and therefore consider all other types of Muslims to be apostate including all Shiites. They consider the Muslim Brotherhood, Al-Qaeda and the Wahhabist leaders of Saudi Arabia to be apostate as none of them practice Islam in its original and therefor perfect form. The latter is particularly ironic as it is believed that much of the funding for ISIS comes from Saudi Wahhabists and its beliefs are founded on the extreme Wahhabism of the 1930s.
所有穆斯林教徒都必须遵从《古兰经》以及穆罕默德的教诲，但这并非ISIS对教徒的唯一要求。根据ISIS对《古兰经》的解析，接触或贩卖毒品和酒的人也是叛教者，不允许穿错衣服，必须蓄须。只要信仰与穆罕默德教规稍有不同，就代表着他已被诅咒，因为在ISIS看来，穆罕默德是被神所指引的，因此他们的完美宗教不需要任何改变。为了让世界免受他们的罪恶，takfir教徒必须受到惩罚。ISIS不允许他们的追随者选举投票，因此，任何一个生活在需要投票选举的民主国家的穆斯林教徒都是叛教者，就像为政府卖命的穆斯林教徒（包括所有穆斯林国家的首脑）一样。ISIS是正统的穆斯林，因此他们认为其他类型的穆斯林教都是叛教者，包括所有什叶派教徒。他们认为穆斯林的兄弟教，沙特阿拉伯的基地组织和瓦哈比派的领导者都是叛教，因为他们并不遵从原始且完美的伊斯兰。讽刺的是，ISIS的大部分基金来自于沙特的瓦哈比派，他们的信仰也是建立在20世纪30年代的极端瓦哈比主义智商。
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