5.Mudskippers Can Climbs Trees
5.弹涂鱼能爬树
There's a famous quote attributed to Einstein: "Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid." If you search Google for "Einstein fish tree," you'll find thousands of motivational posters with Einstein's face and the quote included, even though he never said it.
人们传言爱因斯坦曾说过这些话："人人都是天才。但是如果你通过爬树的能力来评判一条鱼，那么它一生都自认为很愚蠢。"如果你在谷歌上收索"爱因斯坦、鱼、树"，你会找到几千张相关的海报——画有爱因斯坦的脸，写着这句话——尽管他从没这么说过。
Should you come across any of your friends sharing one of those pictures, feel free to show them this video of a fish climbing a tree. That genius of the fish world is the mudskipper, a fish that spends much of its life out of the water. It lives in areas filled with mangrove trees, and is quite happy to pull itself up a log or branch. It uses its pelvic fins as a sort of suction cup to keep it attached, and pulls itself up with its pectoral fins.Mudskippers have developed small sacks around their gills that let them hold a breath of water, much the same way we would hold a breath of air. They climb trees so they can stay out of the water during high tide.
如果你遇到分享这些图片的朋友，你可以把这个关于鱼儿爬树的视频给他们看看。这些鱼类中的天才就是弹涂鱼，它们一生有很多时间都不在水里度过。它们居住的地方长满了红树林，它们很高兴爬到树干或树枝上去。它们把腹鳍用作吸盘，用来抓住树木，用胸鳍向上爬行。弹涂鱼的鳃的周边长有小口袋，可以盛住一次呼吸的水，很像我们能屏住一次呼吸。它们爬上树，所以能在涨潮时呆在水域外。
4.Archerfish Shoot Down Prey
4.射水鱼射击猎物
Despite what Hollywood may have taught you, talented archers aren't all rebellious young women or Jeremy Renner. The archerfish is small tropical fish that feasts mainly on insects. It gets its name from the astonishing way it catches its prey. The fish, which are typically no more than 10 centimeters (4 in) long, can shoot a jet of water up to 2 meters (6 ft) at insects hanging on vegetation near the water.
除了好莱坞可能展现给你的东西，有才能的弓箭手并不都是反叛的年轻女人或者杰瑞米•雷纳（Jeremy Renner）。射水鱼是小型热带鱼，主要以昆虫为食。它的名称来自它惊人的捕食方式。这些鱼一般不超过10厘米（4英寸）长，却可以射出高达2米（6英尺）的水柱，捕捉挂在水面附近枝头上的昆虫。
They're able to accurately hit their small targets, in the dark, with enough force to successfully knock them into the water. They produce the jets by pressing their tongue against a groove in the roof of their mouth, much like the barrel of a gun. The speed of the water leaving their mouth increases throughout the spit. That allows all of the water to arrive at the same time, and hit the prey with six times the force the fish could produce with just the force of its muscles.
它们能精确地击中自己小小的目标，在黑暗中用足够的力气将它们打下水里。它们通过对着口腔上腭的沟槽挤压舌头喷出水柱——就像利用枪筒那样。喷射增加了水离开嘴巴的速度。这样，所有的水同时到达目标，用6倍于射水鱼的肌肉可以产生的力量击中猎物。
3.The Teddy Bear Crab Makes Living Weapons
3.泰迪熊螃蟹制作生存武器
The teddy bear crab is a small crustacean covered in bushy, white bristles. While a furry crab is curious enough, the species Polydectus cupulifer also has an unusual behavior. It picks up stinging anemones, one in each claw, and wields them as weapons. The crab doesn't just stand there looking like a miniature yeti with red pain-pompoms, though. It can tell which anemones are useful, and turns the anemone around so it can grip it from the right angle. Then, the crab is able to strike with just the right part of its weapon.
泰迪型螃蟹是小型甲壳纲动物，外面覆盖着浓密的的白色毛发。长毛的螃蟹十足奇怪，而"Polydectus cupulifer"这种螃蟹也有异乎寻常的行为。它们捕捉蜇人的海葵，一个钳子一只，然后拿它们当武器。然而，这些螃蟹也不只是像微缩的喜马拉雅雪怪那样站着，戴一副红色会蜇人的装饰球。它们能分辨那些有用的海葵，将海葵朝四方转动，以便从合适的角度抓住它。然后，螃蟹能用武器的适当部位进攻。
The anemone isn't just something to attack predators with, either—it's also a food source. The crab will happily collect food from its "companions," even going so far as to reach inside the anemone's digestive system to pull out anything the anemone has already eaten.
海葵也不只是用来攻击对手，也是食物来源。这些螃蟹很高兴从"朋友"那里采集食物，甚至深入到海葵的消化系统内，将海葵已经吃掉的东西都拖出来。
2.The Pirate Perch Hides In Plain Sight
2.河鲈在视野里隐身
The pirate perch is an unusual fish. When it's young its anus is located in the normal place you'd expect to find an anus, but as it matures, its anus moves to just underneath its chin. Yet it's not the migrating anus that warranted it a place on this list. And as if we haven't said the word anus enough in this paragraph already, we'd like to point out that the species name is A. sayanus.
河鲈是一种不一般的鱼。幼鱼的肛门位于正常位置——你能找到，但是成熟后，它们的肛门便移动到下颚下面。但不是这个会移动的肛门让它们上了这张排行榜。好像我们在这一段里还没有说够肛门这个词似的，我们想说明这种鱼类叫做奇肛鲈科。
Scientists investigating the response of beetles and frogs to predatory fish have found that the pirate perch has another unique feature. When they gave beetles and frogs a choice of ponds in which to live and reproduce, the animals avoided those that contained fish who were likely to choose them for dinner, with one exception. The potential prey were perfectly happy to set up home in ponds containing pirate perch.The researchers aren't sure whether the pirate perch is cloaking its chemical signature or disguising itself as something else, or if there's some other factor at play. Whatever is going on, the pirate perch is able to hide its presence in a way that other fish simply can't, making it uniquely talented.
科学家研究了甲虫和青蛙面对食肉鱼的反应，发现河鲈还有一个独特的地方。当他们让甲虫和青蛙有机会选择在池塘里生活、繁殖时，里面如果有那些可能会猎杀自己的鱼类，它们就会避开这些池塘；只有一个例外。如果池塘里有河鲈，这些可能被吃掉的动物却很高兴在这里安家。研究员不确定河鲈是否掩盖了自己的化学信号或者将自己伪装成其他东西，或者其他因素在起作用。无论怎么回事，河鲈能够把自己藏起来，而其他鱼就做不到——这是它们独特的才能。
1.The Tigerfish Plucks Birds From The Air
1.虎鱼从空中捉鸟
The tiger is a deadly predator with very sharp teeth that you'd very much like to keep away from your face. In that way, the tigerfish is suitably named. This African fish is often compared to the piranha, as it's aggressive and uses its razor-filled jaws to tear its prey into pieces. Unlike the piranha, there is a giant variety of tigerfish—the goliath tigerfish—which can grow to weigh 50 kg (110 lb) and eat crocodiles.
老虎是凶残的食肉动物，长着锋利的牙齿，你一定希望它离自己的脸远远的。虎鱼的名字就这样应运而生。人们常将这种非洲鱼与水虎鱼相比较，因为虎鱼进攻性强，用插满刀片的嘴把猎物撕成碎片。与水虎鱼不同的是，虎鱼有很多种类——歌利亚[①]虎鱼——能长到50千克（110英镑）重，还能吃鳄鱼。
Yet it's the hunting ability of the smaller variety that's got it a spot on this list. Recently, researchers have recorded its ability to catch birds. While many fish are known to eat birds floating on the surface, a tigerfish in a South African lake was caught on film leaping out of the water and catching a swallow while the bird was flying through the air.While nobody has yet observed the goliath tigerfish displaying this behavior, we're probably going to avoid helicopter rides over African lakes for awhile, just in case.
然而，是这一小群鱼类的捕食能力让它们进入了这个名单。最近，研究员记录了它们捕捉鸟类的能力。很多鱼因为吃漂浮在水面上的鸟类而出名，南非一个湖里的虎鱼被拍到跳出水面抓住一只掠过的燕子。没有人观察过歌利亚虎鱼表演这个动作，我们以后应该避免直升飞机在非洲的湖泊上面飞行，以防万一。
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