Although thousands, even millions, of photographs were taken during World War II, only a handful ever became popular. But sometimes it's the little-known photographs that reveal to us the cruelty and uncertainty the war brought upon humanity.
虽然二战期间拍摄了成千甚至上百万张照片，但是只有屈指可数的照片曾经流行过。然而，往往是那些鲜为人知的照片向我们揭示了战争带来的残酷和无法预知的痛苦。
10.The Nazi Muslim Soldiers
10.加入纳粹党卫军的穆斯林士兵
The image above is that of German Nazi-era Muslim soldiers in prayer. They are from the German 13th Waffen-Gebirgs-Division der SS Handschar, a full Muslim division of the German army. The unit, which mostly consisted of Bosnian Muslims, was formed in March 1943 after Germany conquered Croatia, which included Bosnia-Herzegovina. The Bosnian Muslims were accepted into the Nazi ranks because of Heinrich Himmler's belief that the people of Croatia were of Aryan descent, not Slavic. The Nazis also believed that the new division would help them win the support of most Muslims around the world. In time, the division also included Croatian Roman Catholics, who formed 10 percent of its ranks.
上面的图片是德国纳粹时期的穆斯林士兵在祈祷。他们来自德国党卫军第十三“弯刀”武装山地师（the German 13th Waffen-Gebirgs-Division der SS Handschar），是德军一个完整的穆斯林分支。1943年，德国侵占包括波黑（Bosnia-Herzegovina）在内的克罗地亚（Croatia）之后，组建了这支由波斯尼亚穆斯林组成的军队。因为海因里希·希姆莱（Heinrich Himmler）坚信克罗地亚人是雅利安（Aryan）血统而不是斯拉夫（Slavic）血统，所以波斯尼亚穆斯林被收编进纳粹队伍。同时纳粹也相信这支新的队伍会帮他们赢得全世界大多数穆斯林的心。经过一段时间以后，克罗地亚罗马天主教徒占这支队伍的10%。
The unit was Grand Mufti Hajj Amin al Husseni's initiative. Hajj Amin al Husseni had led a failed coup in Iraq and had been exiled to Italy and then Berlin, Germany, where he encouraged Bosnian Muslims to join the ranks of the German army. Husseni encouraged the killings of Jews in North Africa and Palestine. He also wanted the Luftwaffe to bomb Tel Aviv. After the war, Husseni fled to France, where he was arrested. He later escaped and fled to Egypt, where the Allies were discouraged from re-arresting him because of his status in the Arab world.
伊斯兰宗教领袖大穆夫提（Grand Mufti）穆罕默德·阿明·侯赛尼（Hajj Amin al Husseni）最早提出要组建这支部队。侯赛尼在伊拉克发动政变，失败后流亡意大利和德国柏林。在柏林，他鼓动波斯尼亚穆斯林加入德军，不仅提议灭绝北非和巴勒斯坦的犹太人，还怂恿纳粹德国空军空炸特拉维夫（Tel Aviv）。二战之后，侯赛尼逃往法国但被捕，后又逃往埃及。由于这位伊斯兰宗教领袖在阿拉伯国家享有很高的地位，所以他在埃及再次被捕使得穆斯林盟军士气大跌。
9.Shaving The Hair Of French Women
9.法国女子被削发
After France was liberated toward the end of World War II, French citizens who had supported the invading German troops in any form were tracked down and had their heads forcefully shaved as a badge of dishonor. The photograph shown above is that of a woman whose head was being shaved in Montelimer, France, on August 29, 1944. As many as 20,000 French citizens had their heads shaved in public, the majority of which were women. The punishment was often carried out by locals or members of the French Resistance and was done everywhere from the homes of the victims to public squares in the presence of a cheering crowd.
二战后期，法国得以解放。此后，不管曾经以何种形式支持过德国侵略军的国民都被追踪调查，并被强制削发，以此作为其蒙羞的徽章。上图的拍摄时间为1944年8月29日，地点为法国蒙特利马（Montelimar），一个女子正被削发。多达20万的法国国民在公共场所被削发，且大多数是女性。惩罚多由当地居民和抵抗运动的成员执行，不分地点、不分场合，从受害者家里到群情激奋的广场。
During the same period, Germany also decreed that women who had sexual relations with non-Aryans or prisoners of war should have their heads shaved. Shaving the hair of women seen as fugitives didn't get its start during World War II—it's also recorded to have been done in Europe during the Middle Ages, when it was used as punishment for adulterous women.
在同一时期，德国也判定凡与非雅利安人或战俘发生过性关系的女人都应该被削发。强制给叛逃的女子削发并不是二战期间发明的新刑罚，早在欧洲中世纪时期就有类似记载，彼时他们用削发来惩罚通奸的女人。
8.Raising A Flag Over The Reichstag
8.国旗飘扬在柏林国会大厦之上
Raising a flag over the Reichstag would have been the Russian equivalent of Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima except that it was staged, a fact which its photographer, Yevgeny Khaldei, confirmed. The photograph shows a young Russian soldier raising the Soviet flag over Berlin after the defeat of the German army.
这幅名为《国旗飘扬在柏林国会大厦之上》的照片是苏联版的《美国国旗插上硫磺岛》，意义非凡。不过，该作品的摄像师叶甫盖尼·哈尔岱（Yevgeny Khaldei）承认，那张照片是摆拍的。照片呈现的是德军战败之后，一个年轻的苏联战士在柏林国会大厦楼顶挥舞着苏联国旗。
Yevgeny Khaldei was in Moscow when the Soviet army overran Berlin, but he quickly left for Berlin on the orders of top Soviet officials, possibly Joseph Stalin himself. His orders were to produce images that depicted the Soviet victory in Germany. Yevgeny got to Berlin and inspected several locations, including Tempelhof Airport and the Brandenburg Gate, before settling for the Reichstag building. Yevgeny took 36 different shots of the scene, which was to be used for Soviet propaganda. Interestingly, a Soviet army unit had initially hoisted its flag on the building not long after the town was captured, but that scenario had gone unrecorded.
苏联军队攻克柏林时，叶甫盖尼·哈尔岱还在莫斯科（Moscow），不过，他很快接到高层，可能就是约瑟夫·斯大林（Joseph Stalin）本人下达的命令，要求他马上前往柏林拍下苏联大胜的景象。在拍摄柏林国会大厦之前，叶甫盖尼考查了柏林多处战场，包括滕珀尔霍夫机场（Tempelhof Airport）和勃兰登堡门（Brandenburg Gate）。他总共拍摄了36张不同的场景的照片，准备为苏联宣传机构所用。有意思的是，一支苏联队伍在攻克柏林不久后就在国会大厦升起了苏联国旗，可惜这场景没被记录下来。
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