知识要点:
一、名词的种类:
1、专有名词:
1)China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack(不加冠词)
2)the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。(由普通名词构成的专有名词,要加定冠词。)
2、普通名词
1)不可数名词
注意:不可数名词前一般不加冠词,尤不加不定冠词:若加a(an)则使之具体化了。
如:have a wonderful time.
不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时,可用复数形式。
如:fishes, newspapers, waters, snows……
各种各样的鱼 各种报纸 河湖、海水 积雪
有些抽象名词也常用复数,变为可数的具体的事物。如:times时代,works著作,difficulties困难
…在表数量时,常用“of”词组来表示。如:a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper….
2)可数名词:
可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外,一般都要加冠词:A birdcaufly.
The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.
Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.
有复数形式:
a)规则变化——加“s”或“es”(与初中同,略)
b)不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),
woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),
phenomenon(phenomena)…
注意:c)单、复数同形:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一种鱼)……。如,a sheep, two sheep
d)只用复数形式: thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…
e)形复实单:physics, politics, maths, news, plastics(塑料),means.
f)形单实复:people (人民,人们),the police, cattle等
g)集合名词如:family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时,为单数;当作为整体中的各个成员时,为复数。如: My family is a big one. My family are music lovers.
h)复合名词变复数时,(a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如:sister(s)-in-law嫂子,弟妹;step-son (s)继子;editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。
(b)如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如:grown-up(s)成年人,go-between(s)中间人
(c)woman, man作定语时,要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如:a man servant—men servants, a woman doctor—women doctors