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2012年公共英语五级考试语法辅导:定语从句(1)

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1. 关系代词引导的定语从句

  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

(1) who, whom, that

  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

(2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。例如:

  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

(3) which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如:

  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)

  The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)


2. 关系副词引导的定语从句

  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

(1) 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例如:

  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

  Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

(2) that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如:

  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
unlikely [ʌn'laikli]

想一想再看

adj. 不太可能的

 
prosperity [prɔs'periti]

想一想再看

n. 繁荣,兴旺

联想记忆
yield [ji:ld]

想一想再看

n. 生产量,投资收益
v. 生产,屈服,投降

 

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