circumlocution

【考法 1】 n. 绕圈子的说话：the use of unnecessarily wordy and indirect language, evasion in speech

【例】The other son of your parents’ is a circumlocution for your brother. 你父母的其他儿子是你兄弟的绕圈子的说法。

【近】equivocation, shuffle, tergiversation

【反】pithy utters, straightforward utter , express succinctly 简洁地表达；direct encounter 直接面对

【派】circumlocutory a. 绕圈子的

【反】direct 直接的

【考法 2】 n. 冗长：the use of too many words to express an idea

【例】your papers have to be five pages long, but that's five pages of substance, not circumlocution. 你的论文要求是 5 页，但是那 5 页都是实质内容，不是废话。

【近】diffuseness, diffusion, long-windedness, prolixity, redundancy, verbalism, verboseness, verbosity, windiness, wordage, wordiness

【反】conciseness, concision, pithiness, succinctness, terseness 简洁

circumscribe

【考法 1】 vt. 限制：to limit narrowly; restrict

【例】Teammates circumscribed his enthusiasm so as not to make the losing side feel worse. 队友们抑制了他的热情为了不让失败者更难过。

【近】cap, limit, confine, delimit, restrict

【反】exceed 超过，超越

【考法 2】 vt. 包围，围绕：to surround by or as if by a boundary

【例】fields circumscribed by tall trees 被高树包围的地方 || Circumscribe a circle around a square. 画正方形的外接圆。

【近】surround, encompass

circumspect

【考法 1】 adj. 谨慎的；小心的：careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences: prudent

【例】 The banks should have been more circumspect in their dealings. 银行本应该在它们的交易当中更加谨慎。

【近】alert, careful, gingerly, guarded, heedful, prudent, cautious, chary, wary

【反】careless, incautious, unmindful, unwary 不小心，不谨慎的；audacious, reckless 大胆的，鲁莽的

circumvent

【考法 1】 vt. 躲避（不遵从）：to avoid having to comply with (something) especially through cleverness

【例】circumvent all the red tape 绕过所有官方程序繁文缛节 || He found a way to circumvent the law. 他发现了一个逃避法律的方法。

【近】avoid, bypass, dodge, sidestep, skirt, get around

【反】comply with, follow, obey, observe 遵从；confront, direct encounter 直接面对

civility

【考法 1】 n. 彬彬有礼：courteous behavior; politeness

【例】They greeted us with civility. 他们有礼貌地招呼我们。

【近】politeness, courtesy, politeness, genteelness, gentility, graciousness

【反】discourteousness, discourtesy, impoliteness, incivility, rudeness, surliness, ungraciousness 无礼，粗鲁

claim

【考法 1】 v. 要求（权利）：to ask for especially as a right

【例】a fragile claim to fame 对名誉不切实际的要求 || After many years had passed, he suddenly appeared to

claim his inheritance. 很多年已经过去，他突然出现要求继承遗产。

【近】call for, command, quest

【反】renounce 放弃

【考法 2】 v. 断言：to state as a fact usually forcefully

【例】People claim that they have been kidnapped by aliens. 人们断言称他们被外星人绑架了。

【近】allege, assert

【反】deny, gainsay 否认

【考法 3】 v. 剥夺生命：to deprive of life

【例】Cancer claims hundreds of thousands of Americans each year. 癌症每年要剥夺成千上万美国人的生命。

【反】animate 使有生命

【考法 4】 n. 权利：a legal right to participation in the advantages, profits, and responsibility of something

【例】A shareholder has a claim in the business. 股东在企业有权利（收益权、选举权等）。

clandestine

【考法 1】 adj. 隐藏的，秘密的：kept or done in secret, often in order to conceal an illicit or improper purpose

【例】their clandestine love affair 他们的秘密恋情

【近】secret, covert, furtive, surreptitious, sneaky, stealthy, undercover, underground, underhand, underhanded

【反】open, overt, public 公开的； aboveboard 光明正大的

clarion

【考法 1】 adj. 清楚响亮的：loud and clear

【例】clarion call for democracy 对民主的高声呼吁 || The Internationale is a clarion call to the labouring people

of the world. 《国际歌》是唤起全世界劳动人民的响亮号角。

【反】soft and indistinct 柔和模糊的

clarity

【考法 1】 n.清晰、清楚：the quality or state of being clear: lucidity

【例】 Clarity of diction is vital for a XDF teacher. 发音清楚对新东方老师来说是至关重要的。

【近】 clarity, explicitness, lucidity, lucidness, perspicuity, perspicuousness

【反】 obscureness, obscurity, unclarity 模糊，不清晰

【派】 clarify v. 澄清，使清晰：to free of confusion

【例】 clarify his mind 理清思路；clarify a subject 澄清某一问题

【近】 purify, clear, elucidate, explain, illuminate, illustrate

【反】 obfuscate, obscure

【考法 2】 n. 清澈透明：the state or quality of being easily seen through

【例】mountain streams with water of incredible clarity 难以置信般清澈透明的山涧

【近】clearness, limpidity, limpidness, translucence, translucency, transparency

【反】cloudiness, opacity, opaqueness, turbidity, turbidness 浑浊，不透明

clasp

【考法 1】 n./v. 紧握：the act or manner of holding

【例】Be careful that your clasp on the cat isn't too tight, or she could get hurt. 注意别抓那只猫太紧，否则她会受伤的。

【近】clench, grapple, grasp, grip, handgrip, handhold