We solemnly commemorated the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up, thoroughly reviewed its great achievements and the valuable experience gained in its pursuit, and pledged our resolve to see reform and opening-up through in the new era, thus galvanizing the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to continue their hard work to make new historic achievements.
我们隆重庆祝改革开放40周年,深刻总结改革开放的伟大成就和宝贵经验,郑重宣示在新时代将改革开放进行到底的坚定决心,激励全国各族人民接续奋斗,再创新的历史伟业。
Looking back at the past year, we can see that our achievements did not come easily.
回顾过去一年,成绩来之不易。
What we faced was profound change in our external environment. Setbacks in economic globalization, challenges to multilateralism, shocks in the international financial market, and especially the China-US economic and trade frictions, had an adverse effect on the production and business operations of some companies and on market expectations. What we faced were severe challenges caused by the growing pains of economic transformation. An interlacing of old and new issues and a combination of cyclical and structural problems brought changes in what was a generally stable economic performance, some of which caused concern.
我们面对的是深刻变化的外部环境。经济全球化遭遇波折,多边主义受到冲击,国际金融市场震荡,特别是中美经贸摩擦给一些企业生产经营、市场预期带来不利影响。我们面对的是经济转型阵痛凸显的严峻挑战。新老矛盾交织,周期性、结构性问题叠加,经济运行稳中有变、变中有忧。
What we faced was a complicated terrain of increasing dilemmas. We had multiple targets to attain, like ensuring stable growth and preventing risks; multiple tasks to complete, like promoting economic and social development; and multiple relationships to handle, like that between short-term and long-term interests. And the difficulty of making policy choices and moving work forward increased markedly. With the concerted efforts of the whole country, the Chinese economy, from a larger base, achieved generally stable growth while making further progress; and social stability was ensured. This once again shows that the Chinese people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, have the courage, vision, and strength to prevail over any difficulty or obstacle. There is no difficulty that cannot be overcome in China's pursuit of development!
我们面对的是两难多难问题增多的复杂局面。实现稳增长、防风险等多重目标,完成经济社会发展等多项任务,处理好当前与长远等多种关系,政策抉择和工作推进的难度明显加大。经过全国上下共同努力,我国经济发展在高基数上总体平稳、稳中有进,社会大局保持稳定。这再次表明,在中国共产党领导下,中国人民有战胜任何艰难险阻的勇气、智慧和力量,中国的发展没有过不去的坎。
Over the past year, we fully implemented all major policies and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. We followed the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, and worked holistically to maintain stable growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risks. We handled economic and trade frictions with the United States appropriately. We worked to ensure stable employment, a stable financial sector, stable foreign trade, stable foreign investment, stable domestic investment, and stable expectations. Our main work of the past year was as follows.
一年来,我们深入贯彻以习近平同志为核心的党中央决策部署,坚持稳中求进工作总基调,统筹稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险,稳妥应对中美经贸摩擦,着力稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期,主要做了以下工作。
First, we developed new ways to improve macro regulation and ensured a generally stable economic performance.
一是创新和完善宏观调控,经济保持平稳运行。
Facing new circumstances and developments, we were firm in choosing not to adopt a deluge of strong stimulus policies, and we maintained the continuity and consistency of macro policies. As we conducted regulation to keep main economic indicators within an appropriate range, we also improved targeted and well-timed regulation, and carried out anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning. We continued to pursue a proactive fiscal policy, focusing on cutting taxes and fees, strengthening areas of weakness, and promoting structural adjustment. We reduced VAT rates and expanded the coverage of tax relief for small businesses with low profits, and introduced preferential tax policies to encourage R&D and innovation. Over the year, the tax and fee burden on enterprises and individuals was thus reduced by around 1.3 trillion yuan. We improved the composition of budgetary spending, put idle budgetary funds to use, and ensured spending in key areas.
面对新情况新变化,我们坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激,保持宏观政策连续性稳定性,在区间调控基础上加强定向、相机调控,主动预调、微调。坚持实施积极的财政政策,着力减税降费、补短板调结构。下调增值税税率,扩大享受税收优惠小微企业范围,出台鼓励研发创新等税收政策。全年为企业和个人减税降费约1.3万亿元。优化财政支出结构,盘活财政存量资金,重点领域支出得到保障。
We maintained a prudent monetary policy and encouraged financial support for the real economy. In response to the difficulties and high costs of financing, we reduced required reserve ratios four times, and applied a combination of measures to ease funding shortages faced by private enterprises and small and micro businesses. Initial success was thus made in curbing the rising cost of financing. We promptly responded to abnormal fluctuations in the stock and bond markets, and kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable. China's foreign exchange reserves were maintained at over US$3 trillion.
坚持实施稳健的货币政策,引导金融支持实体经济。针对融资难融资贵问题,先后4次降低存款准备金率,多措并举缓解民营和小微企业资金紧张状况,融资成本上升势头得到初步遏制。及时应对股市、债市异常波动,人民币汇率基本稳定,外汇储备保持在3万亿美元以上。
Second, we took solid action in the three critical battles and made good progress in carrying out key tasks.
二是扎实打好三大攻坚战,重点任务取得积极进展。
We drew up and began the systematic implementation of a three-year action plan for the three critical battles. We made steady progress in structural deleveraging, handled risks in the financial sector prudently and appropriately, prevented and controlled local government debt risks, and reformed and improved mechanisms for conducting regulation over the real estate market. We made further progress in precision poverty alleviation. We strengthened poverty relief capacity, increased budgetary input, and encouraged society to assist poverty alleviation. The self-development capacity of poverty-stricken areas was steadily enhanced.
制定并有序实施三大攻坚战三年行动方案。稳步推进结构性去杠杆,稳妥处置金融领域风险,防控地方政府债务风险,改革完善房地产市场调控机制。深入推进精准脱贫,加强扶贫力量,加大资金投入,强化社会帮扶,贫困地区自我发展能力稳步提高。
We launched an all-out fight to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our land pollution-free. Energy and transportation structures were upgraded. The replacement of coal with natural gas and electricity in North China was steadily advanced. The system of river chiefs and lake chiefs was established across the country. The use of both chemical fertilizers and pesticides was reduced. Inspections and law enforcement for environmental protection were strengthened. And we took active steps to respond to climate change.
全面开展蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战。优化能源和运输结构。稳妥推进北方地区“煤改气”“煤改电”。全面建立河长制、湖长制。化肥农药使用量实现双下降。加强生态环保督察执法。积极应对气候变化。