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北京外国语大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题
招生专业：英语同声传译 科目名称：英汉互译
（考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）
一.将下列段落译为汉语（25分）
Fifteen years ago at the Fourth World Conference on Women. Governments pledged to advance equality, development and peace for all women everywhere. The landmark Beijing Declaration has had a deep and wide-ranging impact. It has guided policymaking and inspired new national laws. It has sent a clear message to women and girls around the world that equality and opportunity are their inalienable rights.
There are many examples of progress, thanks in large part to the resolute efforts of civil society organizations. A growing number of countries have legislation that
supports sexual and reproductive health and promotes gender equality.
Nonetheless, much work remains. Maternal mortality remains unacceptably high, too few women have access to family planning, and violence against women remains
a cause for global shame. In particular, sexual violence during conflict is endemic. One key lesson of the past decade and a half is the importance of addressing broader discrimination and injustice. Gender stereotyping and discrimination remain common in all cultures and communities. Early and forced marriage. sexual abuse and trafficking of young women and girls are disturbingly prevalent and, in some areas, on the rise. Whether looking through the lens of poverty. or in times of disaster, we see that women still bear the greatest burden.
15年前，在第四次妇女问题世界会议上，各国政府承诺为造福世界各地所有妇女而推进平等、发展与和平。具有划时代意义的《北京宣言》影响深远，成为决策的指南，成为制定国家新法律的灵感所在，同时清楚地告诉世界各地的妇女和女孩：平等和机会是她们不可剥夺的权利。
进步的实例有许许多多，在很大程度上是民间社会组织坚定努力的结果。越来越多的国家已立法支持增进性健康和生育健康，促进男女平等。
尽管如此．需要做的工作还很多。孕妇死亡率仍然高居不下，令人无法接受；能获得计划生育服务的妇女为数太少；暴力侵害妇女行为仍遍及全球，令人蒙羞。冲突期间的性暴力行为尤其普遍。过去l5年给我们的一条重要经验是：处理更广范围内的歧视和不公，至关重要。性别陈规观念和性别歧视在各文化和族群之中仍普遍存在。早婚和逼婚、性暴力及贩运年轻妇女和女孩的行为盛行不止，在某些地区甚至有增无减，令人不安。不论在贫困之中，还是在灾难之时，妇女都仍然承受最沉重的负担。
二.将下列短文译为汉语（50分）
Central Bankers: Stop Dithering. Do Something.
Both the American economy and the global economy are facing a familiar foe: policy defeatism. Throughout modern economic history, whether in Western Europe in the 1920s. in the United States in the 1930s, or in Japan in the 1990s, every major financial crisis has been followed by premature abandonment - if not reversal - of the stimulus policies that are necessary for sustained recovery. Sadly: the world appears to be repeating this mistake.
The right thing to do right now is for the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank to engage in further monetary stimulus. Having lowered short-term interest rates, they should buy (or in the case of the Fed, resume buying) significant quantities of government securities to help push down long-term interest rates and encourage investment.As many have observed. we need to rebalance the economy from imports to exports, from private consumption to savings, from tax breaks to infrastructure rebuilding and from the financial sector to everything else. The process of rebalancing will require movement of capital from older industries and activities to newer ones -that is, investment. Moreover, a lot of what was termed "investment" during the boom years was misallocated - wasted - capital. so many productive projects were ignored.
But investment has been held back because of uncertainty over the economy's future prospects. And the ability to attract investors is being limited by the giant burden of private-sector debt, In other words, a financing problem is inhibiting the restructuring of our economy. Alleviating generalized financing problems and low
investor confidence is precisely what monetary stimulus does. Some claim that monetary easing will impede restructuring. But this makes no sense. For all the talk that monetary austerity promotes the "creative destruction" necessary for the economy to recover. it does not work that way.
