第237句 药物滥用
the phrase "substance abuse" is often used instead of "drug abuse" to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.
译文:他们常用“物质滥用”而不用“药物滥用”,来表明滥用酒精、烟草这样的物质如同滥用海洛因和可卡因一样有害。
点睛:本句的主干是the phrase“substance abuse”is often used…,不定式to make clear that…作目的状语。clear后面的that substances can be just as harmfully misused是宾语从句,作动词make的宾语,而clear则是宾语补足语。
考点归纳:在第84句我们讨论了主语补足语,在英语中还有另一种补语,即宾语补足语。宾语补足语常见于宾语的复合结构,或是表明宾语代表的人或东西所做的动作,或与宾语有表语关系,说明它的状态、特性、身份等,构成“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”这一重要句型。
可以充当宾语补足语的有以下几种:
*名词作宾补
i wish you greatness.
祝你成就伟大。
he has made his weapons his gods. when his weapons win he is defeated himself.
他把他的刀剑当作他的神祗。当他的刀剑胜利的时候,他自己却失败了。
动词不定式作宾补,表示宾语的动作还未发生或者强调宾语动作的全过程。不定式作宾补可分为带to和不带to两种。
ask him co carry out the plan.
让他执行计划。(动作尚未发生)
i did see someone -come in.
我的确看到有人进来了。(动作全过程)
注意,后接带to的不定式的常用动词有:ask,tell, beg, force, allow,wish, want, expect, advise,permit,order等等。而后接不带to的不定式的常用动词有使役动词have,let,make和感官动词see,watch,notice,hear等。
*现在分词作宾补,表示宾语动作正在进行或持续一段时间。
you smiled and talked to me of nothing and i felt that for this i had been waiting long.i could felt my heart beating fast.
你微微地笑着,不同我说什么话。而我觉得,为了这一刻,我已等待了太久。我能感到我的心跳得厉害。(动作正在进行)
they had the lights burning all night long。
他们让灯整晚都亮着。(动作持续一段时间)。
注意,后接现在分词作宾补的常用动词有
hear,watch,notice,find,smell,feel,keep,set,leave,get等。
*过去分词作宾补,宾语和宾补之间是被动关系。
the president raised his voice to make himself heard.
总统提高了声音以便让别人听见他讲话。
宾语补足语还可以由形容词、副词、介词短语充当。
adversity makes a man wise,not rich.
不幸使人聪明,但不会使其富有。(形容词作宾补)
beauty, find thyself.m love, not in the flattery of thy minor.
啊,美啊,在爱中找寻自我,而非到你镜子的谄谀去寻找。(介词短语作宾补)
last sunday i saw you out with your sister.
上周日,我看见你和你姐姐出去了。(副词out作宾补)
n. 短语,习语,个人风格,乐句
vt. 措词