第234句 随意的友好
the casual friendliness of many americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
译文：很多美国人的这种随意的友好态度不应被看作是肤浅的或虚假的，而应被视为历史形成的文化传统。
点睛：本句的主干是the casual friendliness should be interpreted neither as…nor as…，but as...。主语是friendliness，谓语是should be interpreted。其中neither…nor…结构中用词性相同的成分——形容词superficial和artificial作主语friendliness的补足语。注意，but as后面的部分也是主语friendliness的补足语。neither.nor…but…结构强调的重点在but之后。
考点归纳：本句使用了补足语。补足语分宾语补足语和主语补足语两种，宾语补足语是补充说明及物动词的宾语，它与之前的宾语一起构成句子的复合宾语；主语补足语补充说明主语的状态、特征等。如果把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句，原来补充说明宾语的部分就变成补充说明主语了，也就变成了主语补足语。
*被动语态的主语补足语与主动语态的宾语补足语是密切相关的。
1)i saw him playing basketball yesterday.
（playing basketball是宾语him的补足语。）
2)he was seen playing basketball yesterday.
（本句的含义是：别人看见他正在打篮球。playing basketball是主语he的补足语，故称作主语补足语。）
要特别注意的是：主语和主语补足语一起称作复合主语，所以含有主语补足语的句子一般是被动语态，谓语动词是可以接复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的及物动词，句首的主语就是主语补足语的逻辑主语。
*主语补足语的类别
1)动词elect，call，name，make，find，leave等后面常接名词作主语补足语。
gain at the expense of reputation should be called loss．
以名誉为代价而收获的东西应被称为损失。
2)动词keep, make, paint, cut, burn, beat, wash, find，consider，wipe等后面常接形容词作主语补足语。
rough roads will be made plain.
崎岖的道路将变成坦途。
3)动词see,watch,hear,feel,listen to, look at, imagine等后面接分词作主语补足语。
he is often heard reading english.
人们常听见他在读英语。
4）感官动词see，watch，hear，notice，feel，make等后面接带to的不定式作主语补足语。
time is often said to be money, but it is more——it is life.
人们常说时间是金钱，但时间不止如此，它是生命。
5）介词短语作主语补足语。
the books in the study must be kept.n good order.
书房的书籍必须有序地摆放。
6）as后面接名词、形容词、分词等作主语补足语。
mishaps are regarded as knives that either serve us or cut us as we grasp them by the handle or blade.
灾难就像刀子，握住刀柄就可以为我们服务．拿住刀刃则会割破手。