So what can we say about helping people to lose weight?
那么,我们应该给出什么建议来帮助人们减肥呢?
There's a lot we could say about what restaurants could do to reduce obesity.
我们可以针对餐馆在减肥中的作用给出更多的建议。
I read that the items at the start of a menu and the items at the end of a menu are much more likely to be chosen than the items in the middle.
我读到比起菜单中间的菜品,食客更有可能选择菜单开头和结尾的食物。
So, if you put the low-calorie items at the beginning and end of the menu, people will probably go for the food with fewer calories, without even realising what they're doing.
因此,如果你把低热量的食物放在菜单的开头和结尾,人们很可能会选择低热量的食物,他们甚至都没有意识到自己选择了更健康的食物。
I think food manufacturers could do more to encourage healthy eating.
我认为食品制造商可以做更多的事情来鼓励健康饮食。
How?
怎么做?
Well, when manufacturers put calorie counts of a food on the label, they're sometimes really confusing and I suspect they do it on purpose.
食品制造商印在产品标签上的热量数值有的时候很令人困惑,我怀疑他们是故意这样做的。
Because food that's high in calories tastes better, and so they'll sell more.
因为高热量的食物更好吃,所以他们就能卖的更多。
Yeah, so if you look at the amount of calories in a pizza, they'll give you the calories per quarter pizza and you think, oh that's not too bad.
是的,所以,如果你看一个披萨饼的热量,他们会标注每四分之一比萨饼的热量,你会想,哦,这还不算太差。
But who's going to eat a quarter pizza?
但是谁会只吃四分之一个披萨呢?
Exactly.
一点儿没错。
I suppose another approach to this problem is to get people to exercise more.
我认为另一种减肥的方法是让人们多锻炼。
Right. In England, the current guidelines are for at least 30 minutes of brisk walking, five days a week.
没错。在英国,目前的指导方针是每周五天、每天至少快走30分钟。
Now when you ask them, about 40% of men and 30% of women say they do this, but when you objectively measure the amount of walking they do with motion sensors, you find that only 6% of men and 4% of women do the recommended amount of exercise.
现在当你问他们时,大约40%的男性和30%的女性说他们会这样做,但当你用运动传感器客观地测量他们快走的量时,你会发现只有6%的男性和4%的女性做了推荐量的运动。
Mm, so you can see why obesity is growing.
嗯,你看这就是肥胖人数在上升的原因。
So how can people be encouraged to take more exercise?
那么如何才能鼓励人们多锻炼呢?
Well, for example, think of the location of stairs in a train station.
举个例子,想一想火车站里楼梯的位置。
If people reach the stairs before they reach the escalator when they're leaving the station, they're more likely to take the stairs.
如果人们在离开车站时在到达自动扶梯之前到达楼梯口,他们更有可能走楼梯。
And if you increase the width of the stairs, you'll get more people using them at the same time.
如果增加楼梯的宽度,就可以让更多的人同时走楼梯。
It's an unconscious process and influenced by minor modifications in their environment.
这是周围环境微小的变化引起的无意识行为。
Right. And it might not be a big change, but if it happens every day, it all adds up.
没错。这可能不是一个大的变化,但如果每天都发生,效果就会逐渐加强。
Yes. But actually, I'm not sure if we should be talking about exercise in our presentation.
是的。但实际上,我不确定我们是否应该在演讲中谈论锻炼。
Well, we've done quite a bit of reading about it.
但我们已经读了很多关于锻炼的书了。
I know, but it's going to mean we have a very wide focus, and our tutor did say that we need to focus on causes and solutions in terms of nutrition.
我知道,但这意味着我们有一个非常广泛的关注点,我们的导师说过,我们需要从营养的角度分析原因和解决方法。
I suppose so. And we've got plenty of information about that. OK, well that will be simpler.
我想是的。我们已经获得了很多关于这方面的信息了。那这样就简单多了。
So what shall we do now? We've still got half an hour before our next lecture.
那我们现在该做什么呢?离下一节课还有半个小时。
Let's think about what we're going to include and what will go where. Then we can decide what slides we need.
让我们想一想要讲的内容以及不同内容在演讲中的顺序。然后我们就能决定我们需要哪些幻灯片了。
OK, fine.
好的。