二、生态环境、自然资源与动物保护

　　1.动物需要保护吗?

　　母题：Now many people think that we are spending too much money and time on protecting wild animals. The money should be better spent on human population. Do you agree or disagree? (031213, 110709)

　　提示：这类题型采取驳斥的写法来写，先驳斥这是浪费钱，因为在动物上花的钱可以通过发展旅游业来得到补偿。然后再写动物保护的意义。

　　子题：要不要进行动物实验?要不要把动物关在动物园里?要不要吃动物的肉?人们可以采取什么措施来保护珍稀的动植物物种?

　　2.环境保护谁来负责?

　　母题：Environmental problem is too big for individual countries and individual people to address. In other words, we have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (040228, 040515,110507)

　　提示：不管题目怎么出，永远记得国际合作、企业、政府、个人，都可以为环境保护做出自己的努力。所以，你要准备的内容，就是以上四个方面可以做的事情。

　　子题：个人能不能保护环境?个人不能保护环境，只有政府大公司才能，同意吗?公司和个人，而不是政府，可以保护环境，同意吗?很多人知道环境保护很重要，但是自己却不采取任何行动，这是为什么?

　　3.垃圾问题怎么办?

　　母题：Many people say that we have developed into a “throw-away” culture, because we are filling up our environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. To what extent do you agree with this opinion and what measures can you recommend reducing this problem?(050806)

　　提示：这道题目应该围绕“一次性文化”产生的原因、后果和解决方法来展开。原因：对于方便、卫生的追求。后果：破坏水源、污染土地、污染空气。解决方法：三个R：reduce, reuse, recycle。

　　子题：消费品的增加会导致自然环境的破坏，原因和解决方法是什么?

　　4.自然资源如何保护?

　　母题：Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas, are used in many countries. But in some countries, the use of alternative sources of energy, including wind and solar power, are encouraged. Is this trend a positive or a negative development? (090530)、

　　提示：这道题目问的是新能源alternative energy的优缺点。优点：取之不尽用之不竭inexhaustible，更环保environmentally-friendly,缺点：核能nuclear power会引发安全事故，水能hydropower会破坏生态环境upset the ecological balance,太阳能solar power成本太高，风能wind power会产生次声波污染infrasonic wave.

　　子题：淡水资源如何保护?是什么原因导致了石油、森林和淡水资源的紧张，如何解决?解决环境问题的最佳方法是提高石油的价格吗?(此题已被剑8收录)

　　5.交通工具

　　母题：One long-distance flight consumes fuel which a car uses in several years’ time, but they cause the same amount of pollution. So some people think that we should discourage non-essential flights, such as tourist travel, rather than to limit the use of cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (060325, 080405)

　　提示：这道题目是经典老题，多次在雅思考试中出现。题目中的理由有明显的逻辑漏洞，因为飞机承载的乘客数量和行驶的距离要远大于汽车，因此先驳斥理由，再讲飞机被禁止的后果(旅游业，物流业将会遭到重创)就可以了。

　　子题：汽车会带来哪些问题?廉价航空是否应当被推广?

　　6.食品安全

　　母题：Some people support the developments in agriculture such as factory farming and creations of new types of fruits and vegetables, while others oppose this view. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (080712)

　　提示：工厂化农业factory farming提高了农产品的产量，但也祸害无穷。比如大规模喷洒化学肥料chemical fertiliser和农药pesticide，集中式养殖battery farming会侵害动物权利，也使得肉类安全受到威胁。转基因食品genetically modified food虽然改善了食物的品质和产量，但是破坏生态平衡，对人体健康构成潜在的威胁。

　　子题：长距离运输(空运)食品的好坏，科技改变食品的好坏。

　　注意：本题是一个边缘话题，不能完全归类到环保类下。比如长距离运输食品与全球化类话题可以结合，科技改善食品可以与科技类话题结合。