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Applicationsoftware might be described as end-user software. Application software performsuseful work on general-purpose tasks such as word processing and costestimating. There are certain general-purpose programs that are widely used innearly all career areas. They are: word processing, electronic spreadsheets,graphic programs and so on. They are also called basic tools and have somecommon features.
应用软件可被指定为最终用户软件。成用软件完成有用的通用任务，例如字处理和价格评估。有些是被广泛用于几乎所有行业领域的通用程序。它们是：字处理、电子表格和图像程序等。它们也被称为基本工具，并且具有一些共同的特性。
Insert Point：The insert point or cursor shows you whereyou can enter data next. Typically, it is a blinking vertical bar on thescreen. You can move it around using a mouse or the directional arrow keys onmany keyboards.
插入点：插入点或光标显示标示着用户接下来可以输入数据的地方。一般来说，它是屏幕上闪动的竖直条。用户可以使用鼠标或键盘上的方向键移动它。
Menus：Almost all software packages have menus.Typically,the menus are displayed in a menu bar at the top of the screen. Whenone of these is selected, a pull-down menu appears. This is a list of commandsassociated with the selected menu.
菜单：几乎所有的软件都有菜单。一般地，菜中显示在屏幕顶部的菜单栏中。当其中之一被选中，就会出现下拉式菜中。这是和所选菜单相关的一列命令。
Help：Formost applications, one of the menus on the menu bar is Help. When selected, theHelp options appear. [1]These options typically include a table of contents, asearch feature to locate reference information about specific commands, andcentral options to move around.
帮助：对于大多数成用程序，菜单栏中的都有一个“帮助”菜中。当被选中，帮助选项出现。这些选项一般包含一个表的内容，查询有关特殊命令的说明信息和可以到处移动的集中选项
Button Bars：Buttonbars typically are below the menu bar. They contain icons or graphicrepresentations for commonly used commands. This offers the user a graphicapproach to selecting commands. It is an example of a graphic user interface inwhich graphic objects rather than menus can be used to select commands.
工具栏：工具栏一般位于菜单栏的下面。它们包含图标或普通命令的图像表示符。这就使得用户可以通过图像符号来选择命令。工具栏就是图形用户界面的一个例子，在图形用户界面中使用图像目标而不是菜单来选择命令。
Dialog Box：Dialogboxes frequently appear after selecting a command from a pull-down menu. Theseboxes are used to specify additional command options.
对话框：通常在下拉式菜单中选择了一个命令之后就会出现对话框。这些对话框用来说明附加的命令选项。
Scroll Bars：Scrollbars are usually located on the right and/or the bottom of the screen. Theyenable you to display additional information not currently visible on thescreen.
滚动条：滚动条通常位于屏幕的右边或底部。它们通常能够显示在当前屏幕上看不到的附加信息。
WYSIWYG：Pronounced "wizzy-wig", WYSIWYGstands for "What You See Is What You Get." This means that the imageon the screen display looks the same as the final printed document. Applicationprograms without WYSIWYG cannot always display an exact representation of thefinal printed document. The WYSIWYG feature allows the user to preview thedocument's appearance before it is printed out.
WYSIWYG：发“wizzy-wig”音，WYSIWYG代表“所见即所得”。这就意味着在屏幕上显示的图像和最终打卬出来的文档是一样的。没有WYSIWYG的应用程序，就不能显示最终打卬文档的精确表示。WYSIWYG特性允许用户在文档打卬之前预览文档的全貌。
Function Keys：Function keys are labeled F1, F2, and so on.These keys are positioned along the left side or along the top of the keyboard.They are used for commands or tasks that are performed frequently, such asunderlining. These keys do different things in different software packages.
功能键：功能键被标为FI、F2等等，这些键位于键盘的左边或顶部。它们用于需经常完成的命令或任务，比如下划线。这些键在不同的软件包内完成不同的事情。
Now let'sintroduce respectively the most common used application software: wordprocessing, and spreadsheets.
现在分别介绍最常使用的应用软件：字处理和电子表格。
Word processingsoftware is used to create, edit, save, and print documents. Documents can beany kind of text material. With word processing, you view the words you type ona monitor instead of on a piece of paper. After you finish your typing, saveyour words on diskettes or hard disk, and print the results on paper.
字处理软件被用于建立、编辑、保存和打印文档。文档可以是任何类型的文本材料。使用字处理，可以浏览打在显示器而不是纸上的文字。打印完毕后，可以将文字存放在软盘或硬盘上，并且可以将结果打印在纸上。
The beauty ofthis method is that you can make changes or corrections-before printing out thedocument. Even after your document is printed out, you can easily go back andmake changes. You can then print it out again. Want to change a report fromdouble spaced to single spaced? Alter the width of the margins on the left andright? Delete some paragraphs and add some others from yet another document? Aword processor allows you to do all these with ease. Indeed, deleting,inserting, and replacing—the principal correcting activities—can be done justby pressing keys on the keyboard. Popular word processing software are Word ,WPS and so on. They have some common features.
这种方式的精妙之处在于在用户打印文档之前可以进行修改，即使文档已打印出来，也可以很容易地返回去并进行修改，然后再打印出来。你想把一个报告的行距从双倍改成单倍吗？你想改变左右边距的宽度吗？你想删除一些段落并插入其他文档的一些段落吗？字处理可以很容易地帮你完成这些亊情。事实上，删除、插入和替换——几种主要的修改任务一一只要按键盘上的键就可以完成。流行的字处理软件是Word、WPS等。它们具有一些共同的特性。
Word Wrap andthe Enter Key：One basicword processing feature is word wrap. When you finish a line, a word processordecides for you and automatically moves the insertion point to the next lines.To begin a new paragraph or leave a blank line, you press the Enter key.
字换行和回车键：字处理的一个基本特点是换行。当完成一行时，字处理器就会决定并且自动地将插入点移动到下一行。若要开始一个新段或空一段，可以按回车键。
Search and Replace：A search or find command allows you to locateany character, word, or phrase in your document. When you search, the insertionpoint moves to the first place the item appears. If you want, the program willcontinue to search for all other locations where the item appears. The replacecommand automatically replaces the word you search for with another word. Thesearch and replace commands are useful for finding and fixing errors.
查找和替换：查找命令允许在文档中寻找任何字符、词或短语。查找时，插入点就会移动到所查项目首次出现的位置。如果还想查，程序就会继续寻找所查项目出现的所有地方。替换命令会自动地用另外的字来替换所搜寻的那个字。寻找和替换命令对于发现和修改错误是非常有用的。
Cut,Copy,and Paste：With a wordprocessor, you select the portion of text to be moved by highlighting it. Usingeither the menu or button bar, choose the command to cut the selected text. Theselected text disappears from your screen. Then move the insertion point to thenew location and choose the paste command to reinsert the text into thedocument. In a similar manner, you can copy selected portions of text from onelocation to another.
剪切、拷贝和粘贴：使用字处理，通过醒目显示选择要移动的文本部分。使用菜中或工具栏，选择命令来剪切所选的文本，这样所选择的文本就会在屏幕上消失。然后移动插入点到新的位置，选择粘贴命令，把剪切的内容重新插入到文本。用类似的方法，可以复制选中的文本到另外一个地方。
Spreadsheet：A spreadsheet is an electronic worksheet usedto organize and manipulate numbers and display options for analysis.Spreadsheets are used by financial analysts, accountants, contractors, andothers concerned with manipulating numeric data. Spreadsheets allow you to tryout various "what-if" kinds of possibilities. That is a powerfulfeature. You can manipulate numbers by using stored formulas and calculatedifferent outcomes.
电子表格：电子表格是用于组织和管理数字并显示选项以供分析的电作表。电子表格是由金融分析师、会计师、项目承包人以及其他和操纵数字数据有关的人员来使用的。电子表格允许用户尝试各种假设分析的可能性。这是一个很有用的特性。可以通过使用存储的公式处理数字，并且计算出不同的结果。
A spreadsheethas several parts. The worksheet area of the spreadsheet has letters for columnheadings across the top. It also has numbers for row headings down the leftside. The intersection of a column and row is called a cell. The cell holds asingle unit of information. The position of a cell is called the cell address.For example, "A1" is the cell address of the first position on aspreadsheet, the topmost and leftmost position. A cell pointer—also known asthe cell selector—indicates where data is to be entered or changed in thespreadsheet. The cell pointer can be moved around in much the same way that youmove the insertion pointer in a word processing program. Excel is the mostcommon spreadsheet software. It has some common features of spreadsheet programs.
电子表格具有几个部分。电子表格的工作表区域在顶部有列标的字母，在左边有行标的数字。行和列的交点，被称为单元格。单元格存有单一的信息。单元格的位置被称为是单元格地址。例如，“A1”就是电子表格的首位置，即最顶部和最左边的位置。单元格指针——也被称为是选择器——指示在表格中数据在那里输入及修改。单元格指针可以到处移动，其移动方式非常像在字处理程序中移动插入点的方式。Excel是最常见的电子表格软件，它具有一些电子表格程序共同的特性。
Format：Label is often used to identify informationin a worksheet, it is usually a word or symbol. A number in cell is called avalue. Labels and values can be displayed or formatted in different ways. Alabel can be centered in the cell or positioned to the left or right. A value canbe displayed to show decimal places, dollars, or percent. The number of decimalpositions can be altered, and the width of columns can be changed.
格式：标号通常用于标记工作表中的信息，通常是一个字或符号。中元格中的数字被称为是值。标号和值可以用不同的方式显示和格式化。标号可以在单元格内居中或居左、居右。值可被显示小数的位置、美元或百分数。小数位数可以被改变，列的宽度也可以被改变。
Formulas：One of the benefits of spreadsheets is thatyou can manipulate data through the use of formulas. Formulas are instructionsfor calculations. They make connections between numbers in particular cells.
公式：电子表格的优点之一是可以通过使用公式来处理数据。公式是计算的指令，它们能使特殊单元格内的数字之间建立联系。
Functions：Functions are built-in formulas that performcalculations automatically.
函数：函数是自动完成计算的内部公式。
Recalculation：Recalculation or what-if analysis is one ofthe most important features of spreadsheets. If you change one or more numbersin your spreadsheet, all related formulas will recalculate automatically. Thusyou can substitute one value for another in the cells affected by your formulaand recalculate the results. For more complex problems, recalculation enablesyou to store long, complicated formulas and many changing values and quicklyproduce alternatives.
重新计算：重新计算或“what-if”分析是电子表格最重要的特性之一。如果改变了表格中的一个或多个数字，所有相关的公式将会自动地重新计算。这样就可以替换由公式改变的单元格内的值，并且重新计算结果。对于较复杂的问题，重新计算让用户能够存储长的、复杂的公式和许多改变的值，并且很快地产生替换。
