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Passage Two
文章二
A recent study overturned what we think we know about lying.
最近的一项研究推翻了我们对撒谎的认知。
Most of us have a theory about how to tell if someone is telling a lie.
关于如何辨别某人是否在撒谎，我们大多数人都有自己的一套理论。
We may develop that theory from observations of those people we know well and see regularly, but we tend to generalize what we gather from that unscientific daily research and make it a universal theory.
我们可以从对那些我们熟知和经常见到的人的观察中发展出一套理论，但我们倾向于将我们从不科学的日常研究中收集到的东西进行概括并使其成为普遍的理论。
So we might imagine that liars have evasive eyes or the opposite-they simply stare at you.
因此，我们可能会认为说谎者眼神躲闪，或者正好相反——他们只盯着你看。
Or perhaps it is more generally nervous behavior we associate with lies.
或者，也许更普遍的是，我们会将紧张的行为与谎言联系在一起。
Whatever the particular theory, it's usually based on close observation of people we know.
无论是哪种理论，它通常都是基于对我们认识的人的密切观察。
And we get lots of practice.
我们得到了大量练习。
On average, we're lied to some 200 times per day.
平均而言，我们每天被骗约200次。
These are mostly harmless lies, but lies nonetheless.
这些大多是无害的谎言，但仍然是谎言。
But there's a problem with our theories even though they're based on all these observations.
但即使我们的理论是基于所有这些观察结果的，它们仍存在问题。
The average person-you and me-tested rigorously on how well we detect lies fails to do better than chance.
普通人——你和我——被严格测试识别谎言时的表现却不如偶然识别谎言的好。
That's well established over many studies and lots of attempts by researchers to work out reliable ways to detect lies.
这一点在许多研究和研究人员为找出可靠的方法来识别谎言而进行的大量尝试中得到了很好的证实。
It's even relatively easy to fool lie detectors, the gold standard of lie detection by training yourself in breathing techniques and symptom suppression.
甚至通过训练自己的呼吸技巧和抑制症状来欺骗测谎仪也是相对容易的，测谎仪是测谎的黄金标准。
Is there any way to get better at detecting lies?
有没有办法可以更好地识破谎言？
The new research offers some surprising advice.
这项新研究提供了一些令人惊讶的建议。
Stop looking and listen instead.
不要看，要倾听。
It turns out that if we're unable to see the face, but rather focus on the voice of the person in question, our accuracy rate improves considerably.
事实证明，如果我们看不到脸，而是专注于说话者的声音，我们的准确率会有很大提高。
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
请根据你听到的文章回答问题12至问题15。
Q12: According to the passage, how do most people detect lying?
问题12：根据这篇文章，大多数人是如何识别谎言的？
Q13: What does the passage say about most lies?
问题13：关于大多数谎言，这篇文章讲了什么？
Q14: What have many studies uncovered about the average person’s lie detection?
问题14：关于普通人识别谎言，很多研究揭示了什么？
Q15: What advice does the new research offer regarding lie detection?
问题15：关于测谎，这项新研究提供了什么建议？
