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Recording 2
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Talk to anyone who is a generation or two older, and they would most likely comment that children are more spoiled these days.
与年长一代或两代的人交谈，他们最有可能会说如今的孩子们更加被宠坏了。
No one wants to have or be around demanding, selfish and spoiled children, those who get bad-tempered or silently brood when they're not given everything they want immediately.
没有人想有或者想身边有难满足的、自私的和被宠坏的孩子，即那些如果不能立即得到想要的东西，就发脾气或者生闷气的孩子。
Paradoxically, the parents of such children encourage this demanding behavior in the mistaken belief that by giving their children everything they can, their children will be happy.
荒谬的是，这些孩子的父母助长了这种要求苛刻的行为，他们误以为，给孩子想要的一切，孩子就会高兴。
In the short term, perhaps they are right.
从短期来看，也许他们的做法是对的。
But in the longer term, such children end up lonely, dependent, chronically dissatisfied and resentful of the parents who try so hard to please them.
但是从长远来看，这样的孩子最终会变得孤独、依赖性强，慢慢地对非常努力讨好自己的父母变得不满和怨恨。
Undoubtedly, parents want to raise happy children who are confident, capable and likable, rather than spoiled and miserable.
毋庸置疑，父母想培养出幸福的孩子，让孩子自信、有能力和可爱，而不是被宠坏和令人痛苦。
One factor hindering this is that parents can't or don't spend enough quality time with their kids and substitute this deficit with toys, games, gadgets and the like.
对此的一个阻碍因素是，父母不能或者没有花足够的黄金时间来陪伴孩子，而是用玩具、游戏、小物件和类似东西来代替缺失的陪伴时间。
Rather than getting material things, children need parents' devoted attention.
孩子需要父母全心全意的关注，而不是得到一些物质类的东西。
The quantity of time spent together is less important than the content of that time.
父母陪伴孩子时间的质量比数量更重要。
Instead of instantly satisfying their wishes, parents should help them work out a plan to earn things they'd like to have.
父母应该帮助孩子制定贏得想要的东西的计划，而不是立即满足他们的愿望。
This teaches them to value the effort as well as what it achieves.
这教会孩子重视自己所付出的努力以及通过努力所得到的成果。
Allow them to enjoy anticipation.
让他们享受期盼。
Numerous psychological studies have demonstrated that children who learn to wait for things they desire are more likely to succeed in a number of ways later in life.
无数心理学研究已经表明，学会等待自己想要的东西的孩子在以后的生活中更有可能在很多方面取得成功。
One famous experiment in the 1960s involved 3- to 6-year-old children.
20世纪60年代的一项著名实验的研究对象为三到六岁的孩子。
They were given a choice between receiving a small reward, such as a cookie immediately, or if they waited 15 minutes, they could have two.
这些孩子可以选择立即得到一个小奖品，例如一块饼干，或者如果他们等待15分钟，就可以得到两块。
Follow-up studies have found that those who chose to delay satisfaction are now more academically successful, have greater self-worth, and even tend to be healthier.
后续的研究发现，那些选择延迟得到满足的孩子现在在学术上更加成功，有更强烈的自我价值感，甚至往往身体更加健康。
If they fail, children should be encouraged to keep trying, rather than to give up, if they really want the desired result.
如果孩子失败了，应该鼓励他们继续尝试而不是放弃，如果他们真的想要得到理想的结果的话。
This teaches them how to handle and recover from disappointment, which is associated with greater success and satisfaction academically, financially, and in personal relationships.
这教导他们如何处理失望情绪并从中恢复过来，帮助他们在学业、财务和人际关系上取得更大的成功，并获得更大的满足感。
And lastly, parents should encourage their children to look at life from other points of view as well as their own.
最后，父母应该鼓励孩子除了从自身角度外，还要从其他角度来看待生活。
This teaches them to be understanding of and sympathetic towards others--qualities sure to take them a long way in life.
这教导他们理解和同情他人，这些品质一定能让他们的人生之路走得长远。
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
请根据你听到的录音回答问题19至问题21。
Q19: What will happen to children if they always get immediate satisfaction?
问题19：如果孩子总是立即得到满足，他们身上会发生什么？
Q20: What may prevent parents from raising confident and capable children?
问题20：什么可能会阻碍父母培养出自信和有能力的孩子？
Q21: Why should children be encouraged to keep trying when they fail?
问题21：为什么当孩子失败时，应该鼓励他们继续尝试？
