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Recording 2
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Ageing is a curious thing, and people's desire to beat it and death has become an industry worth hundreds of billions of dollars.
衰老是一件奇怪的事情，人们渴望战胜它，死亡也已经成为一个价值数千亿美元的产业。
Despite the huge investment into research, ageing remains somewhat obscure, although there are certain things researchers do understand.
尽管在研究上投入了巨大的资金，但衰老问题仍然有些模糊，不过研究人员也确实了解到了一些东西。
They know that women tend to have longer life spans, living on average six years longer than men.
他们知道女性的寿命往往较长，平均寿命比男性长6年。
No one is really certain of the reason for this, although the speculation centers around the idea that women are more capable of surviving or handling disease than men.
没有人确切地知道这是为什么，尽管很多推测都认为是因为女性比男性更有能力生存或应对疾病。
For virtually every disease, the effects are greater on men than they are on women.
几乎每一种疾病对男性的影响都大于女性。
Some suggest that women's immune systems benefit from their tendency to prioritize and nurture social connections.
一些人认为，女性的免疫系统受益于她们优先考虑和培养社会关系的倾向。
But for me, this explanation is hardly convincing.
但对我来说，这种解释很难令人信服。
Researchers also know to an extent what causes ageing.
研究人员也在一定程度上了解了导致衰老的原因。
For 60 years, it was believed that cells would continue to divide forever.
60年来，人们一直认为细胞会永远分裂下去。
It was only uncovered in relatively recent times that older people's cells divide a smaller number of times than younger people's.
直到最近才发现，老年人的细胞分裂次数比年轻人要少。
Only cancer cells, in fact, are capable of dividing forever. Human cells have a limited reproductive ability.
事实上，只有癌细胞能够永远分裂。人类细胞的生殖能力是有限的。
To an extent, we can postpone the eventual stop of cells' dividing through nutrition, exercise, good sleep and even relaxation techniques, but we cannot stop the ageing process.
在某种程度上，我们可以通过营养、锻炼、良好的睡眠甚至放松技巧来推迟细胞分裂的最终停止，但我们无法阻止衰老过程。
And researchers are yet to answer the ultimate question of ageing: why does the body ultimately fall to pieces?
研究人员还没有回答衰老的终极问题：为什么身体最终会解体?
In the opinion of some of the world's best scientific minds on the subject, part of the reason we don't yet have any answer is because many researchers are looking in the wrong direction.
世界上最优秀的科学家对这件事的看法是，目前我们还没有找到任何答案的部分原因是，许多科学家搞错了方向。
Many public health policymakers believe that the resolution of age-associated disease will tell us something fundamental about the ageing process, but, say some top scientists, "that's completely erroneous."
许多公共卫生政策制定者认为，解决与年龄有关的疾病会告诉我们一些基本的老化过程，但是，一些顶级科学家说，“这是完全错误的。”
The point to win the diseases of childhood were eliminated, but this did not provide any insight into childhood development.
战胜儿童疾病的意义被消除了，但这并没有提供任何关于儿童发展的见解。
In the same way, the idea that the resolution of age-associated diseases like heart disease and stroke will inform us about ageing is not based on sound science or logic.
同样，认为解决与年龄有关的疾病(如心脏病和中风)将告诉我们关于衰老的知识，也没有健全的科学或逻辑支撑。
At best, if the major causes of death in developed countries were eliminated, this would only add a decade to average life expectancy.
在最好的情况下，如果发达国家的主要死亡原因被消除，只能让平均预期寿命增加10年。
But while there is money available to be spent on it, the search to understand the secrets of ageing will be ongoing.
但是，虽然可以在这方面花钱，但对衰老秘密的研究仍将继续。
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
请根据你听到的录音回答问题19至问题21。
Question 19: What do we learn about the possible reason why women tend to live longer?
问题19：关于女性长寿的可能原因，我们知道些什么?
Question 20: What is the recent discovery about human cells?
问题20：关于人类细胞的最新发现是什么?
Question 21: What do many public health policymakers believe?
问题21：许多公共卫生决策者相信什么?
