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adj. 最初的，原始的，有独创性的，原版的
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Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
How to Visualize Your Success
Have you ever heard of visualization (可视化)? Of course you have. Everybody’s heard of visualization and everybody partakes in it whether they realize it or not. How it works though is an altogether different matter. I want to take a closer look today at the mechanics of why visualizing works without necessarily delving into concepts and theories that cannot be proven.
The brain has great difficulty in distinguishing between what’s true and what’s imagined. There is an off-cited (经常被引用的) example of an experiment conducted by Austrahan Psychologist, Alan Richardson. He took some basketball players and split them into 3 equal groups. One group was told to practice their free throw technique twenty minutes per day. The next group was told to spend twenty minutes per day visualizing, but not attempting free throws, and the final group wasn’t allowed to either practice or visualize. At the end of the test period the group that had done nothing remained as they were, but both the other groups showed similar degrees of improvement, The people who only visualized playing basketball were able to perform almost as well as the ones who had actually practiced.
"How can that be so?"
Firstly, the people practicing would miss some shots. Each time they missed they had in effect, practiced how to miss.
The people that were visualizing would be hitting every basket so they were building up the feelings and memory of how to be successful.
Forging a Path through a Meadow
Imagine walking home from a new job. You suddenly realize that there is a meadow of long grass that will cut 20 minutes off your walk. If you live in New York you’re going to need a great imagination for this one.
The first few times you can barely see which way you had walked the previous day. However, after 10 or 20 times you can clearly see a pathway starting to form, and after 100 times all the grass is worn away and there’s a farmer with a shotgun and large dog waiting for you at the end. Let’s presume our gun-toting friend is a big softie and he allows you to use that route as long as you want. What are the odds that next time you try a slightly different direction? Slim to none would be my guess.
After all, you know this way works and you have a lovely easy path.
On the other hand, if Farmer Giles starts taking pot shotsat you and sportingly lets the dog try and shoot you too, before releasing it to sink its gnashers into your rear end, then you’ll probably find a new way home once you’re released from hospital.
The next time you’re walking home you opt against reacquainting yourself with Fido and spot another meadow further along the road. The same process then begins to take place only this time the original path you made has started to grow back.
How We Create a Path in Our Mind That is what happens when we form thoughts in our mind. The first time we have a new thought it is a weakling(虚弱者 ) of a thought that has sand kicked in its face by stronger thoughts and beliefs. Each time you re-think it though it grows in strength as the physical pathway becomes more and more well-defined. Not only that, but if it is a belief that contradicts one you already hold, the older belief starts to atrophy and die.
This also explains why we have the same thoughts over and over again and why people have difficulty snapping negative loops (循环) of thinking. The pathway has been established and it’s just easier to continue following it than trying to think about something new and form a new connection in the brain.
Making Visualization Work for You
Visualization is an incredibly successful and simple way of speeding up the process by fooling the unconscious into believing that you have already done something before you have. That’s what the basketball visualizers were doing, fooling their own unconscious into thinking they know how to hit basket after basket. Of course this in and of itself will not turn you into an NBA star, you do actually have to practice as well, but it will help you succeed more quickly.
All you need to do to be successful at this is to visualize yourself doing something, as you would like to do it. Profound stuff, huh? Seriously though, that is all there is to it. How long you do it each day will affect the speed of change and it’s really not advisable visualizing your success for 20 minutes per day and then spending 10 hours worrying about failing and replaying negative stuff in your head. It kind of defeats the object.
You can also incorporate the "fake it till you make it" method in with your visualization to help speed up the process.
This is simply a matter of pretending you are already proficient at something before you really are. Again, it’s simply a way of tricking your unconscious and getting it to do what you want it to do.
Some people have difficulty with this process and tell me it’s being unrealistic. Well yeh, maybe they’re right, but who cares? If you want to be shackled by the chains of realism then go ahead, knock yourself out, but let me tell you this. There are few highly successful people out there that haven’t used this method or visualization at one time or another. In fact, successful people don’t care too much for reality; it just gets in the way and slows them down. What about you?
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。
l. According to the passage, visualization works ______
[A] through delving into concepts and theories
[B] without searching deeply into concepts and theories
[C] in a way that could be proven
[D] when playing basketball
2. What were the results of the experiment conducted by Alan Richardson in the first two groups?
[A] They both improved to a similar degree.
[B] Group One was much worse than Group Two.
[C] Group Two remained as they were.
[D] The results were different in the two groups.
3. How could the people who only visualized playing basketball do as well as the ones who had actually practiced?
[A] Because they are very intelligent indeed.
[B] Because they build a path in the mind about how to throw.
[C] Because they practiced before.
[D] Beeanse they saw people who had actually practiced.
4. What probably makes you want to try another different direction when you already have one path made?
[A] You already know this way works and you have a lovely easy path.
[B] There is a meadow of long grass that will cut 20 minutes off your walk.
[C] The farmer and the dog will wait for you and start attacking you.
[D] You know definitely a better way to be explored.
5. According to the passage, why do people have difficulty snapping negative loops of thinking?
[A] Because trying to think about something new in the brain is more difficult than keeping a built path.
[B] Because having the passive thoughts in the brain is much easier than having the positive thoughts.
[C] Because negative thoughts grow in strength much easily.
[D] Because negative thoughts form a easier connection in the brain.
6. How is visualization working in the basketball visualizers’ brains?
[A] By playing basketball before visualization.
[B] By thinking days and nights about how to hit.
[C] By fooling them that this practice will turn them into NBA stars.
[D] By cheating their own unconscious into believing they know how to hit.
7. According to the passage, which of the following will help you turn into an NBA star more quickly?
[A] To think about NBA stars every day.
[B] To watch NBA games every, day.
[C] To fool your own unconscious.
[D] To visualize it and practice.
8. It’s not advisable visualizing your success and in your head.
9. When we combine "fake it till you make it" and , it can help us succeed quickly.
10. is not very important for successful people, because it just gets in the way and slows them down.
| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| original | [ə'ridʒənl] | 联想记忆 | ||
| slightly | ['slaitli] | |||
| perform | [pə'fɔ:m] | 联想记忆 | ||
| sink | [siŋk] | |||
| minutes | ['minits] | |||
| unrealistic | [.ʌnriə'listik] | |||
| established | [is'tæbliʃt] | |||
| unconscious | [ʌn'kɔnʃəs] | 联想记忆 | ||
| profound | [prə'faund] | 联想记忆 | ||
| mechanics | [mi'kæniks] | 联想记忆 |
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