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Over the next four shows—which we’re airing back-to-back because it’s almost the end of 2024, so we thought we’d do one last miniseries to wrap up the year—we’ll travel all over to see how the science of caring for and protecting animals is changing.
在接下来的四期节目中——我们将连续播出，因为2024年即将结束，所以我们想做最后一个迷你系列来结束这一年——我们将走遍各地，看看关爱和保护动物的科学是如何变化的。
We’ll see how artificial intelligence is shifting the conversation around conservation.
我们将看到人工智能如何改变围绕保护的对话。
We’ll meet members of the new generation of conservation scientists who are changing the way the work gets done—and who does it.
我们将会见到新一代保护科学家的成员，他们正在改变工作完成的方式——以及由谁来完成这项工作。
And we’ll even get to hear a few successful comeback stories.
我们甚至还会听到一些成功的复出故事。
Our guide for this adventure is Ashleigh Papp, an animal scientist turned storyteller.
我们这次冒险的向导是阿什莉·帕普，她是一位由动物科学家转行的故事讲述者。
In today’s episode she’s going to take us to a place that might feel familiar to a lot of us: the zoo.
在今天的节目中，她将带我们去一个可能对我们很多人来说都很熟悉的地方：动物园。
But these days a good zoo isn’t just a menagerie; it’s also a conservation powerhouse.
但如今，一个好的动物园不仅仅是一个动物园；它也是一个保护动物的强大力量。
Here’s Ashleigh to tell us more.
下面请阿什莉为我们详细介绍。
As a kid, seeing wild, exotic animals at the local zoo was one of my favorite things—like, ever—so much so that I pursued a higher degree in animal science, which led me to, one summer many years ago, intern at the local zoo.
小时候，在当地动物园看到野生的、外来的动物是我最喜欢的事情之一——真的是最喜欢的事情之一——以至于我攻读了动物科学的高等学位，这让我在多年前的一个夏天，在当地动物园实习。
A zoo internship is hands-on, roll up your sleeves and get dirty work.
动物园实习是需要亲自动手的，卷起袖子，弄脏双手的工作。
I cut up fresh fruit for the hornbills, set up tree branches for the giraffe exhibit and tagged along with veterinarians to learn about training wild animals.
我为犀鸟切新鲜水果，为长颈鹿展览架起树枝，并跟随兽医学习训练野生动物。
Oh, and one thing that often isn’t included in a zoo intern’s job description: it involves a lot of shoveling poop.
哦，还有一件事通常不包括在动物园实习生的工作描述中：涉及很多铲屎工作。
But I left that experience feeling really conflicted.
但我结束那段经历时，感觉非常矛盾。
Those once-wild animals were now living in confined spaces.
那些曾经野生的动物现在生活在有限的空间里。
At the same time those restricted quarters enabled everyday people to experience and understand the magic of the animal kingdom.
与此同时，这些受限的区域使普通人能够体验和理解动物王国的神奇之处。
I couldn’t decide: Are zoos good for people but bad for animals?
我无法决定：动物园对人有好处，但对动物有害吗？
And if so, how do we address the caged elephant in the room?
如果是这样，我们该如何解决这个棘手的问题呢？
Let’s start by learning more about what zoos actually do because it’s not as simple as just sticking a wild animal behind a fence.
让我们从了解动物园的实际作用开始，因为这并不像把野生动物关在围栏后面那么简单。
If you are going to share space with a wild animal, you are always taking some kind of risk.
如果你要与野生动物共享空间，你总是要承担某种风险。
That’s Gina Kinzley.
那是吉娜·金兹利。
She manages the elephant program at the Oakland Zoo in California.
她负责管理加利福尼亚州奥克兰动物园的大象项目。
Physically, with elephants, it’s a lot of labor.
从身体角度来说，与大象相处，需要大量的劳动。
I think my first week here, I went out to dinner with my family and I remember, like, falling asleep at the dinner table because I was just so exhausted from everything that goes into taking care of elephants.
我在这里的第一周，和家人出去吃晚饭，我记得在餐桌上睡着了，因为照顾大象的一切事情让我筋疲力尽。
On top of the normal tasks associated with caring for any animal—providing food and water, cleaning up poop, et cetera—Gina’s position with the elephant program involves a lot of training.
除了照顾任何动物的正常任务——提供食物和水、清理粪便等等——吉娜在大象项目中的职责还涉及大量的训练。
We need to be able to draw blood.
我们需要能够抽血。
We need to be able to access their feet so we can do foot care.
我们需要能够接触到他们的脚，这样我们才能进行足部护理。
We need to be able—if somebody gets sick, we might need to be able to give them rectal medication and do an enema.
我们需要能够——如果有大象生病了，我们可能需要能够给它们直肠用药和灌肠。
Injection training so they can receive vaccinations.
注射培训，以便他们能够接受疫苗接种。
Skin care, test care—there’s so many reasons.
皮肤护理，测试护理——有很多原因。
But to get close enough to a wild animal to draw blood or do an X-ray, trainers such as Gina work to teach the elephants, and all the zoo animals, how to hold still.
但是，要想接近野生动物来抽血或做X光检查，像吉娜这样的驯兽师就得努力教大象和所有动物园的动物如何保持不动。
The trainers gradually work up to the behaviors required for veterinarians to complete medical procedures, offering up a whistle and a treat to coax cooperation.
训练员逐渐训练出兽医完成医疗程序所需的行为，吹口哨并给予奖励以诱导合作。
So we don’t force them to do anything if they choose not to work.
所以，如果它们选择不工作，我们不会强迫他们做任何事情。
And generally, they don’t do that.
并且，一般来说，它们不会那样做。
I mean, I’ve certainly had moments where somebody got spooked and left or somebody was too hot; like, our male will get too—if it’s on a really hot day, he’s less motivated.
我的意思是，我当然有过这样的时刻，有人受到惊吓离开了，或者有人太热情了；比如，我们的雄性大象也会——如果天气很热，它就会变得不那么积极。
So it’s up to us, as the trainers, to really find the right motivation to have them work with us.
所以这取决于我们，作为培训师，要真正找到正确的动力，让它们与我们合作。
But we are working with them every single day, so that relationship is super, super positive, and so they, 99.9 percent of the time, want to work.
但我们每天都和它们一起工作，所以这种关系非常非常积极，所以它们99.9%的时间都想工作。
