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Spanish scientist Pilar Bosch has found a way to use bacteria to repair 18th-century paintings.
西班牙科学家皮拉尔·博施找到了一种利用细菌修复18世纪的绘画的方法。
Bosch, a microbiologist, tells Reuters she got the idea for the method while considering possibilities for a paper toward her doctoral degree.
博施是一位微生物学家，她告诉路透社，她在考虑博士论文的主题时，想到了这个方法。
During this process, she discovered someone else’s paper that suggested bacteria can be used to restore artworks.
在这个过程中，她发现了别人的一篇论文，该论文称细菌可以用来修复艺术品。
At around the same time, Bosch learned that her mother was struggling to find a good method for restoring 18th-century paintings.
大约在同一时间，博施得知她的母亲正在努力寻找一种能修复18世纪的绘画的好方法。
The paintings, by Spanish artist Antonio Palomino, sat in Santos Juanes – one of the oldest churches in the city of Valencia.
这些画作由西班牙艺术家安东尼奥·帕洛米诺创作，存放在桑托斯·胡安内斯教堂——这是瓦伦西亚市最古老的教堂之一。
Bosch said her mother, Pilar Roig, noted how difficult the restoration process at the church was.
博施说，她的母亲皮拉尔·罗伊格曾提到过教堂里画作的修复过程非常困难。
One reason was the glue used to remove the paintings from the walls in the 1960s.
原因之一是20世纪60年代人们用来将画作从墙上移除的胶水。
The substance was nearly impossible to remove completely.
该物质几乎没法完全去除。
"My mother had a very difficult problem to solve and I found a paper about bacteria used to clean frescoes in Italy," Bosch said.
“我母亲有个很难的问题需要解决，而我发现了一篇在意大利用来清洁壁画的细菌的论文，”博施说。
A fresco is a kind of painting that often appears across a large wall.
壁画是指通常画在大墙上的绘画。
Bosch added she decided to write her doctoral paper on the same subject. That was more than ten years ago.
博施补充说，她决定博士论文就选这个主题了。那是十多年前的事了。
Today, she gets to work with her mother on the church restoration.
今天，她要和妈妈一起去修复教堂。
They are using the bacteria method to remove glue from artworks.
他们正在用细菌法去除艺术品上的胶水。
The $4.46 million project is being financed by local organizations.
这个446万美元的项目由当地组织资助。
The process involves feeding small amounts of the glue – made from animal collagen – to the bacteria.
这个过程包括向细菌投喂少量由动物胶原蛋白制成的胶水。
After a time, the bacteria begins to naturally produce enzymes to break down the glue.
过段时间，细菌就会开始自然地产生酶来分解胶水。
The mother-daughter team then mixes the bacteria with a natural algae-based substance, called a gel, and places it onto the paintings.
然后，这对母女团队会把细菌与一种天然的基于藻类的物质（称为凝胶）混合，并将其放置在画作上。
They say that after about three hours, the gel mixture is removed, leaving the paintings glue-free.
他们说，大约三个小时后，移除凝胶混合物，剩下的就是没有胶水的画作了。
Bosch’s mother, now 75, noted that in the past, restorers of artworks had to use traditional cleaning methods that "took hours and damaged the painting."
博施的母亲现年75岁，她指出在过去，艺术品修复师必须使用传统的清洁方法，“这要耗时数小时，而且会损坏画作”。
She noted that several other relatives in the family also work in art restoration.
她指出，家里的其他几位亲戚也从事艺术品修复工作。
Bosch agreed, saying the work "certainly runs in the family."
博施表示同意，称这项工作“肯定是有家族传承性的”。
Bosch has also used her bacteria removal process in other restoration projects in Italy and Spain.
博施还在意大利和西班牙的其他修复项目中使用了她的细菌去除工艺。
And, she is now training other scientists to use a different kind of bacteria to clear walls of painted graffiti.
而且，她现在正在培训其他科学家，用另一种细菌来清除墙上的涂鸦。
I’m Bryan Lynn.
我是布莱恩·林恩。
