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United States law bans noncitizens from voting in federal elections, such as elections for president, the Senate, and the House of Representatives.
美国法律禁止非公民在联邦选举中投票，如总统、参议院和众议院选举。
Like many states, Pennsylvania also bans noncitizens from voting in elections for state offices.
与许多州一样，宾夕法尼亚州也禁止非公民在州政府职位的选举中投票。
A 1996 federal law permits fines and imprisonment for up to a year for noncitizens who vote in federal elections. Violators can also be deported.
1996年的一项联邦法律规定，非公民在联邦选举中投票，最高可处以罚款和一年监禁。违法者也可能被驱逐出境。
When people in the U.S. register to vote, they swear officially that they are U.S. citizens.
当美国人民登记投票时，他们正式宣誓他们是美国公民。
In Pennsylvania, as in other states, people must meet requirements, including citizenship, to register to vote.
在宾夕法尼亚州，与其他州一样，人们必须满足包括公民身份在内的要求才能登记投票。
The state constitution says a voter must "have been a citizen of the United States at least one month."
州宪法规定，选民必须“至少在一个月前成为美国公民”。
They also have to prove that they live in the state and voting district.
他们还必须证明他们居住在该州和投票区。
Ellen Lyon is a spokesperson for the Pennsylvania Department of State.
艾伦·里昂是宾夕法尼亚州国务院的发言人。
Lyon said, if a noncitizen did try to vote in a Pennsylvania election, they would face punishment, including imprisonment and deportation.
里昂说，如果非公民确实试图在宾夕法尼亚州的选举中投票，他们将面临惩罚，包括监禁和驱逐出境。
The department is "not aware of any instances of noncitizens registering to vote or voting in any recent elections," Lyon said in an email to The Associated Press (AP).
里昂在给美联社（AP）的一封电子邮件中说，该部门 “没有发现任何非公民登记投票或在最近的任何选举中投票的情况”。
Ron Hayduk is a political science professor at San Francisco State University in California who studies voting laws for noncitizens.
罗恩·海杜克是加利福尼亚州旧金山州立大学的政治学教授，他研究非公民的投票法。
He said that studies show noncitizens are not illegally voting in big numbers.
他说，研究表明，非公民没有大量非法投票。
There have been some reports of noncitizens illegally casting ballots, Hayduk said, but such incidents are very rare.
海杜克说，有一些关于非公民非法投票的报道，但这种事件非常罕见。
The Brennan Center for Justice is a research group at New York University.
布伦南司法中心是纽约大学的一个研究小组。
In 2017, the group studied 42 voting areas across the United States in the 2016 election.
2017年，该小组研究了2016年选举中美国各地的42个投票区。
It reported that of 23.5 million votes cast, election officials found about 30 cases of possible noncitizen voting that they referred, or reported, to law enforcement.
报告称，在 2350 万张选票中，选举官员发现了约 30 起可能的非公民投票案件，并将其移交或报告给执法部门。
The state of Georgia examined its voter lists in 2022 and found fewer than 2,000 times when noncitizens tried to register to vote over the last 25 years.
佐治亚州在2022年审查了其选民名单，发现在过去25年中，非公民试图登记投票的次数不到2000次。
None of those people were registered because they did not qualify.
这些人都没有登记，因为他们不符合条件。
Millions of new Georgia voters registered during that time.
数以百万计的新乔治亚州选民在那段时间进行了登记。
In 2017, Pennsylvania said that it had to fix a mistake that permitted noncitizen immigrants to register to vote when getting a driver's license.
2017年，宾夕法尼亚州表示，它必须纠正错误，不再允许非公民移民在获得驾照时登记投票。
State election officials said noncitizen immigrants might have cast 544 ballots illegally — out of more than 93 million ballots in elections dating back 18 years, going back to 2000.
州选举官员表示，非公民移民可能非法投了544张选票——在可追溯到2000年的18年选举中，超过9300万张选票。
Daniel Mallinson is an associate professor of public policy and administration at Penn State University in central Pennsylvania.
丹尼尔·马林森是宾夕法尼亚州立大学公共政策与管理系的副教授，该大学位于宾夕法尼亚州中部。
He said claims that noncitizens are voting in large numbers have been "clearly debunked over and over and over again."
他说，关于非公民大量投票的说法已经“一次又一次地被明确揭穿”。
The AP says no state constitutions clearly permit noncitizens to vote.
美联社表示，没有任何州宪法明确允许非公民投票。
But some cities and towns in the states of California, Maryland and Vermont, as well as the District of Columbia, do permit voting by noncitizens in some local elections such as for school board and city council.
但是加利福尼亚州、马里兰州和佛蒙特州的一些城市和城镇，以及哥伦比亚特区，确实允许非公民在一些地方选举中投票，例如学校董事会和市议会选举。
I’m Jill Robbins.
我是吉尔·罗宾斯。
