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New research shows that water temperatures in and around Australia's Great Barrier Reef have risen to their warmest in 400 years over the past 10 years.
新的研究表明，在过去的10年里，澳大利亚大堡礁及其周围的海水温度已经上升到400年来的最高水平。
The rising temperatures have put the world's largest reef under threat.
气温上升使世界上最大的珊瑚礁受到威胁。
The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest living ecosystem.
大堡礁是世界上最大的活生态系统。
It stretches for 2,400 kilometers off the coast of the northern state of Queensland.
它绵延2400公里，位于北部昆士兰州的海岸外。
A group of scientists at universities across Australia removed core samples from the coral.
一组来自澳大利亚各地大学的科学家从珊瑚中取出了核心样本。
They examined the samples to measure summer ocean temperatures going back to the year 1618.
他们检查了这些样本，以测量可追溯到1618年的夏季海洋温度。
The scientists combined information from core samples with ship and satellite data going back around 100 years.
科学家们将来自岩芯样本的信息与大约100年前的船舶和卫星数据相结合。
The results show that ocean temperatures were unchanged for hundreds of years.
结果表明，海洋温度数百年来一直没有变化。
But starting in 1900, the ocean temperatures began to rise.
但从1900年开始，海洋温度开始上升。
The research found that this is the result of human influence.
研究表明，这是人类影响的结果。
From 1960 to 2024, the study’s writers observed an average yearly warming for January to March of 0.12 degrees Celsius per decade.
从 1960 年到 2024 年，该研究的作者观察到 1 月到 3 月的年平均升温幅度为每十年 0.12 摄氏度。
Since 2016, the reef has experienced five summers of mass coral bleaching.
自2016年以来，该珊瑚礁已经经历了五个大规模珊瑚白化的夏天。
This is when large parts of the reef turn white due to heat stress. This also puts the coral at greater risk of death.
高温压力导致珊瑚礁的大部分变成白色，这也使珊瑚面临更大的死亡风险。
The mass bleaching events happened during five of the six warmest years in the last four centuries, the study showed.
研究显示，在过去四个世纪中六个最温暖的年份里，有五年都发生了大规模的白化事件。
This research appeared on August 8 in the publication Nature.
这项研究于8月8日发表在《自然》杂志上。
"The world is losing one of its icons," said Benjamin Henley.
“世界正在失去它的一个偶像，”本杰明·亨利说。
He is with the University of Melbourne and is one of the study's co-writers.
他在墨尔本大学工作，是这项研究的合著者之一。
"I find that to be an absolute tragedy. It's hard to understand how that can happen on our watch in our lifetime. So it's very sad,” Henley added.
“我认为这绝对是一场悲剧。很难理解在我们有生之年，在我们的眼皮底下，怎么会发生这样的事情。所以这非常令人痛心，”亨利补充道。
The last temperature measurement, from January to March of this year, was the highest on record.
最后一次温度测量，是从今年的一月到三月，是有记录以来最高的。
Henley added that it was "head and shoulders" above any other year, meaning it was much higher.
亨利补充说，这比其他任何一年都要“高出一截”，意思是要高得多。
Coral reefs are important for many reasons. They protect shorelines from erosion. They are home to thousands of kinds of fish. And they are an important part of the tourism industry in many countries.
珊瑚礁很重要的原因有很多。它们保护海岸线免受侵蚀。它们是数千种鱼类的家园。并且它们是许多国家旅游业的重要组成部分。
In Australia, the Great Barrier Reef adds $4.2 billion to the economy each year.
在澳大利亚，大堡礁每年为经济增加42亿美元。
At least 54 countries and areas have experienced mass bleaching of their reefs since February 2023, as climate change warms the ocean's surface waters.
由于气候变化使海洋表层水温升高，至少54个国家和地区的珊瑚礁自2023年2月以来经历了大规模白化。
That information comes from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
该信息来自美国国家海洋和大气管理局。
I'm Anna Matteo.
我是安娜·马特奥。
