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President Joe Biden announced an executive action Tuesday that temporarily places restrictions on the number of migrants unlawfully entering the United States.
美国总统拜登星期二宣布了一项行政措施，暂时限制非法进入美国的移民人数。
The action is called a proclamation.
这一行动被称为公告。
It says people who cross the southern border of the United States illegally will not be eligible for asylum unless there is an extraordinary reason why they should be permitted to stay.
公告表明，非法越过美国南部边境的人将没有资格获得庇护，除非有特殊的理由允许他们留下来。
Speaking at the White House, Biden said, “These actions alone aren’t going to fix our immigration system, but they can help us a good deal in better managing what is a difficult challenge.”
拜登在白宫发表讲话：“这些措施本身并不能修复我们的移民制度，但它们可以很好地帮助我们更好地管理这一艰难挑战。”
The proclamation says that temporary asylum restrictions will go into effect when the average number of “encounters” is 2,500 or more.
公告称，当平均 “遭遇 ”人数达到或超过 2500 人时，临时庇护限制将生效。
The U.S. Border Patrol counts all interactions with people unlawfully entering the U.S. as an encounter.
美国边境巡逻队将所有与非法进入美国的人的互动视为“遭遇”。
This includes arrests, expulsions and releases.
这包括逮捕、驱逐和释放。
The limitations will be suspended when the average number of encounters is less than 1,500.
当平均遭遇次数少于1,500次时，限制将暂停。
In both cases, the average is for a seven-day period.
在这两种情况下，平均为7天。
The restrictions took effect Wednesday.
这些限制于周三生效。
Information first reported by CBS News shows that U.S. Border Patrol officials recorded 3,000 apprehensions on May 20.
最先由哥伦比亚广播公司新闻报道的信息显示，美国边境巡逻官员在5月20日记录了3000人被捕。
They also recorded an average of 3,700 apprehensions each day during the first 21 days of May.
在5月的前21天，他们还记录了平均每天3700次逮捕。
The new rules affect most persons illegally crossing the southern U.S. border.
新规定影响到大多数非法穿越美国南部边境的人。
A Department of Homeland Security official (DHS) told VOA that migrants who cross the southern border and who are being processed for fast removal will meet with an asylum officer.
国土安全部（DHS）的一位官员告诉美国之音，越过南部边境、正在接受快速遣返处理的移民将与庇护官员会面。
The asylum officer will decide if there is a reason why the person can seek asylum.
庇护官员将决定此人是否有理由寻求庇护。
But the migrant can only seek asylum if they express “a fear of persecution or torture.”
但移民只有在表现出“对迫害或酷刑的恐惧”时才能寻求庇护。
Immigration activists say this is not fair.
移民活动人士说，这不公平。
Amy Fischer is director of refugee and migrant rights at Amnesty International USA.
艾米·菲舍尔是国际特赦组织美国分会难民和移民权利主管。
She told VOA, “If you're able to shout and claim asylum, then you might be able to get through.
她对VOA说：“如果你能够大声呼喊并申请庇护，那么你可能就能通过。
But what we know is that people don't always speak English.
但我们知道的是，人们并不总是说英语。
They don't always know that is the way that they have to seek safety.”
他们并不总是知道这是他们必须寻求安全的方式。
Officials who did not want to be identified spoke to VOA about the new measures.
不愿透露姓名的官员在接受美国之音采访时谈到了新措施。
A DHS official said the measures are in effect for migrants from all over the world.
国土安全部一名官员表示，这些措施对来自世界各地的移民有效。
“In terms of returns to Mexico, we will continue to return nationals of Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela per our previous arrangements,” the official added.
“在返回墨西哥方面，我们将继续按照我们之前的安排遣返古巴、海地、尼加拉瓜和委内瑞拉国民，”这位官员补充道。
There are exceptions in the proclamation for “unaccompanied children” and “victims of a severe form of trafficking in persons.”
公告中对 “无人陪伴儿童 ”和 “严重贩运人口行为的受害者 ”有例外规定。
Migrants facing medical emergencies and those with valid visas or other lawful permission can enter.
面临医疗紧急情况的移民和持有有效签证或其他合法许可的移民可以进入。
People who use lawful entry processes, like the U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s CBP One mobile application or other lawful pathways also are not affected.
使用合法入境程序的人，如美国海关和边境保护局的CBP One移动应用程序或其他合法途径也不受影响。
A DHS official said those who illegally cross when the restrictions are in place and do not meet asylum requirements will be quickly removed.
国土安全部一名官员表示，那些在限制措施到位时非法越境且不符合庇护要求的人将很快被驱逐出境。
They will also face at least a five-year ban on reentering the U.S. and possible criminal charges.
他们还将面临至少五年不得再入境美国的禁令，并可能受到刑事指控。
During a phone call with reporters, officials from DHS and the Justice Department said the restrictions are necessary.
在与记者的电话交谈中，国土安全部和司法部的官员表示，这些限制是必要的。
They said summer is a time when migrant encounters usually increase.
他们说，夏季通常是移民人数增加的时候。
The action on border security also takes place during an election year.
关于边境安全的行动也发生在选举年。
American voters have shown concern about the issue.
美国选民对这一问题表现出了担忧。
Immigration activists have criticized the measure saying it takes away asylum protections.
移民活动人士批评这项措施，称它剥夺了庇护保护。
Amnesty International’s Fischer said the proclamation will prevent more people from getting asylum.
国际特赦组织的费舍尔说，这一声明将阻止更多的人获得庇护。
She said it would make it more difficult for people to make their claims.
她说，这将使人们更难提出自己的主张。
Fischer said the action “does not sort out people that have false or ineffective asylum claims.What it does is, it sorts out the most vulnerable.”
菲舍尔说，这一行动“不会区分那些提出虚假或无效庇护申请的人。它所做的是挑选出最脆弱的人。
The American Civil Liberties Union, or ACLU, said it will bring legal action to stop the restrictions.
美国公民自由联盟(ACLU)表示，将采取法律行动阻止这些限制。
Lee Gelernt works with immigrants’ rights for the ACLU.
李·格勒尔特为美国公民自由联盟从事移民权利方面的工作。
He told reporters in an email that the group will oppose the proclamation in court.
他在一封电子邮件中告诉记者，该组织将在法庭上反对这一宣布。
Biden administration officials say the U.S. will continue to meet international requirements.
拜登政府官员表示，美国将继续满足国际要求。
“These steps will strengthen the asylum system, preventing it from being overwhelmed and backed up by those who do not have legitimate claims,” a DHS official said.
国土安全部的一位官员说：”这些措施将加强庇护制度，防止它被那些没有合法申请的人淹没和支持。”
I’m Mario Ritter, Jr.
我是小马里奥·里特。
