Asia's growth reached 5% in 2023 last year, which is higher than IMF's projections. where do you think the resilience of the economy lies?

亚洲经济增长在2023年达到5%，高于国际货币基金组织(IMF)的预测。您认为亚洲经济的韧性在哪里？

I would point out especially three factors. The first factor is that China's growth surprised on the upside in the last quarter of 2023.

我想特别指出三个因素。第一个因素是，2023年最后一个季度中国经济增长意外上行。

The second factor is that we got large upside surprises also from a couple of other countries. One of them is India, which grow at more than 8% in the last quarter.

第二个因素是我们也从其他几个国家获得了巨大的上行惊喜。其中之一是印度，其上一季度的增长率超过8%。

Overall we observe in many Asian economies, especially in Southeast Asia, very robust growth of private consumption.

总体而言，我们观察到许多亚洲经济体，尤其是东南亚经济体的私人消费增长非常强劲。

And that has allowed the Asian economies to grow very robustly even though the external environment is still fairly weak.

这使得亚洲经济在外部环境相当疲弱的情况下仍然非常强劲地增长。

Research show that AI could widen the gap between the rich and poor countries.

研究表明，人工智能可能会扩大富国和穷国之间的差距。

Developed countries with better infrastructures and AI capabilities are more likely to see an increase in productivity while lesser developed countries would probably fall behind.

拥有更好基础设施和人工智能的发达国家更有可能提高生产力，而欠发达国家可能会落后。

What should developing countries do to curb the growing divergence?

发展中国家应该如何遏制日益扩大的差距？

Thank you, that's a very good question. So let me first talk about what impact AI might have on the labor market and then I'll use that to talk about what developing countries can do to not fall behind.

谢谢，这是一个非常好的问题。首先谈谈人工智能可能对劳动力市场产生什么影响，然后我将以此来谈谈发展中国家可以采取哪些措施来不落后。

IMF research department has done some work on this and there are really two dimensions that emerge as the most important ones.

IMF研究部门已经在这方面做了一些工作，实际上有两个维度是最重要的。

So the first one is substitute ability, that is to what extent AI can replace a specific job or a specific task.

第一个是替代能力，即人工智能能够在多大程度上替代某项特定的工作或者任务。

And the second one is complimentarity, so that is the extent to which AI can enhance or complement a certain job or task.

第二个是互补性，即人工智能可以在多大程度上增强或补充某项工作或任务。

Policymakers in developing countries want to make sure is of course that they have a workforce that have AI enhance their work as much as possible and replace as little as possible.

发展中国家的政策制定者当然希望确保他们拥有的人工智能，尽可能提高工作效率，并尽可能少取代劳动力。

And there are really two things that they can do and the first one is invest in education. You know, workers can make use of AI.

他们确实可以做两件事，第一件事是投资于教育。工人可以利用人工智能。

They need to have the requisite skills and the requisite training to be able to employ AI tools in their day-to-day work.

他们需要具备必要的技能和培训，才能在日常工作中使用人工智能工具。

And the second one is digital infrastructure. So in in order to use AI, you would want to have, you know, high-speed internet access, reliable power supply and all these kind of things in place so that you know you can really harness the possibilities that AI brings.

第二个是数字基础设施。为了使用人工智能，你需要拥有高速互联网接入、可靠的电力供应以及所有这些东西，这样你就可以真正利用人工智能创造的可能性。