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China announced recently that the country's mainland population fell by 2 million people in 2023.
中国最近宣布，2023年中国大陆人口减少200万。
This drop is the second yearly decrease in population, adding to concerns about the country's future economic growth.
这是中国人口第二年减少，加剧了人们对该国未来经济增长的担忧。
The National Bureau of Statistics said the total number of people in China dropped by 2.08 million, or 0.15 percent, to 1.409 billion in 2023.
国家统计局表示，2023年，中国总人口减少了208万，总数为14.09亿，降幅为0.15%。
The numbers are estimates based on studies and do not include Hong Kong and Macao.
这是根据调查得出的估值，其中不包括香港和澳门。
China does a full population count, or census, every 10 years.
中国每10年进行一次全面的人口普查。
The number of deaths rose by 690,000 to 11.1 million, more than twice the increase recorded in 2022.
死亡人数增加了69万人，达到1110万人，是2022年的两倍多。
Population experts said the aging of the population and COVID-19 outbreaks account for most of the rise.
人口专家表示，人口老龄化和新冠疫情是死亡人数增加的主要原因。
But the data also suggested important information about the number of births, which fell by 540,000, or 5.6 percent.
但这些数据也提供了有关出生人数的重要信息，出生人数减少了54万人，降幅为5.6%。
The drop was smaller than the decreases of the past three years.
这一降幅小于过去三年的降幅。
Still, the decreasing birth rate suggests that the fertility rate is a long-term economic and societal problem for China.
不断下降的出生率还表明，生育率对中国来说是一个长期的经济和社会问题。
The lower fertility rate, together with people living longer because of better health care, means China is slowly growing older.
较低的生育率，再加上人们因为更好的医疗保健而寿命更长，意味着中国正在缓慢老龄化。
Demographer Zuo Xuejin, formerly of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, estimated that the proportion of the population that is 65 or older could double to more than 30 percent by 2050.
前上海社会科学院人口统计学家左学金估计，到2050年，65岁及以上人口的比例可能会翻一番，达到30%以上。
These population changes could slow economic growth over time.
随着时间的推移，这些人口变化可能会减缓经济增长。
High childcare and education costs are pressing issues in family planning among married Chinese.
高昂的育儿和教育费用是中国已婚人士计划生育所面临的紧迫问题。
Women are having fewer babies despite government incentives and the easing of its one-child policy in recent years.
尽管近年来政府出台了激励措施，独生子女政策也有所放松，但女性生育子女的数量仍在减少。
Other economic issues reduced interest in baby-making.
其他经济问题降低了人们对生孩子的兴趣。
Youth unemployment hit record highs, wages for many white-collar workers fell, and a crisis in the property sector, where more than two-thirds of household wealth is stored, grew worse.
青年失业率创历史新高，许多白领的工资下降，房地产行业的危机变得更加严重，超过三分之二的家庭财富都储存在房地产行业。
The data adds to concerns that the world's number two economy faces reduced growth due to fewer workers and buyers, as well as rising costs of care for old people and retirement payments.
这些数据加剧了人们的担忧，即由于劳动力和买家减少以及老年人护理和退休金成本上升，世界第二大经济体面临发展放缓的问题。
The state-run Chinese Academy of Sciences sees the retirement system running out of money by 2035.
国有的中国科学院预计，到2035年，养老金将耗尽。
Zhu Guoping, a 57-year-old farmer in northwestern Gansu province, said his yearly income of about $2,779 leaves his family with little savings.
57岁的朱国平（音译）是甘肃省的一名农民，他说，他的年收入约为2,779美元，这让他家几乎没有储蓄。
He will receive a $22 monthly pension once he turns 60.
年满60岁后，他每月领取22美元的养老金。
"The money is definitely not enough," Zhu said. "Maybe our children can provide us with some support in the future."
朱说：“这些钱肯定不够，也许我们的孩子将来能为我们提供一些支持。”
Births in China have been dropping for many years as a result of the one-child policy that was in place from 1980 to 2015.
由于1980年至2015年实施的独生子女政策，中国的出生率多年来一直在下降。
In addition, the country saw fast urbanization during that time.
此外，在此期间，中国经历了快速的城市化。
Large populations moved from China's rural farms into cities where the costs of growing a family were higher.
大量人口从中国农村农场搬到城市，而城市养家糊口的成本更高。
Other countries in the region also face long-term population problems.
该地区的其他国家也面临长期的人口问题。
Japan's birth rate was 6.3 per 1,000 people in 2022, while South Korea's rate was 4.9.
2022年，日本的出生率为6.3‰，而韩国为4.9‰。
"As we have observed again and again from other low fertility countries, fertility decline is often very difficult to reverse," University of Michigan demographer Zhou Yun said.
密西根大学人口统计学家周云说：“正如我们从其他低生育率国家一次又一次观察到的那样，生育率下降往往很难扭转。”
I'm John Russell.
约翰·拉塞尔为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
