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Is there any other proactive way of doing that?
有没有一些先发制人的方法?
There absolutely is. While all 50 states and the District of Columbia have civil domestic violence protective orders, and the vast majority of those states prohibit purchase and possession.
绝对有。美国50个州以及哥伦比亚特区都有民事家暴保护令，而且绝大多数州都禁止在保护令期间购买和持有枪支。
Many fewer states have specific removal laws, detailing how respondents are meant to give up those guns and to ensure that there's compliance with that order.
少数州还有具体的枪支没收法，这项法律详细说明了家暴案件的被告应该如何放弃这些枪支，而且还要确保他们遵守家暴保护令。
How often is that federal law prosecuted? Or is this more a way of denying someone to purchase if the -- if they in the background check if this turns up?
人们多久会用那项联邦法律起诉一次？或者说，这是否更像是一种拒绝家暴者买枪的方式--如果家暴者在接受背景调查，如果出现了这种情况?
While violations of the law are prosecuted, it's much more likely that they would be prohibited from purchasing.
违反那项联邦法律会被起诉，违法者也更可能会被禁止购枪。
And again, states have similar laws prohibiting people subject to these orders from having firearms and include those removal policies.
同样，各州也有类似的禁止受家暴保护令约束的人拥有枪支的法律，而且还包括一些没收政策在内。
Are they more effective? Are the results more effectively you're finding among the states and how do they do the removal policy?
根据各州之间的调查结果，没收政策是否更有效？各州是如何执行没收政策的？
So we do find that studies show that having a removal policy in addition to prohibiting purchase and possession shows a greater reductions in intimate partner homicide.
我们确实发现，各项研究表明，除禁止购买、持有枪支外，还有一项没收政策，这可以大大减少亲密伴侣凶杀案。
And states are doing this in a variety of different ways by providing explicit instructions to respondents to surrender firearms to, for example, law enforcement, federally licensed firearms dealers, or identified third parties.
许多州正在以各种不同的方法进行枪支没收，向被告提供明确的指示，要求他们将枪支移交给执法部门、获联邦许可的枪支经销商，获认可的第三方。
And then some states include the schedule of a compliance hearing, where a respondent is required to come back before a judge and show proof of compliance.
一些州还会安排合规性听证会，听证会要求被告回到法官面前出示遵守规定的证明。
And if not, that information may be forwarded to law enforcement to determine if they should seek a search warrant and if charges should be brought.
如果没有出示证明，这些信息可能会被移交给执法部门，用来决定执法部门是否应该申请搜查令，是否应该提出指控。
I know in your work, you speak with public health officials a lot.
我知道你的工作经常会与公共卫生官员交谈。
Do they say that there are red flags or warning signs that a relationship could turn violent?
他们是否认为危险信号或警告信号表明一段关系可能会转变为暴力?
Yes, I mean, one of the biggest indicators are the use of firearms in non-lethal or non-fatal situations, so threats of the use of firearms, threats to children threats to other family members and also threats to strangers.
是的，最重要的一个危险信号是，家暴者在没有受到致命威胁的情况下使用枪支，使用枪支对儿童、其他家庭成员、甚至对陌生人进行威胁。
But additional behaviors like strangulation are big indicators of lethality in domestic violence situations.
不过，其他的像是勒颈这样的行为也是家暴致死的重要危险信号。
Kelly Roskam of the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions. Thank you very much.
约翰·霍普金斯枪支暴力解决方案中心的凯莉·罗斯卡姆，非常感谢！
Thank you.
谢谢！
