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Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question about the use of “this, that, these, those.”
大家好! 本周《名师答疑》，我们回答关于this, that, these, those用法的问题。
Hello, please, how should I use the pronouns “this, that, these, those” beyond the notion of near or far?
你好，请问，除了表示近处或远处的事物，this, that, these, those还可以怎么用？
Thanks a lot, Odilon.
非常感谢，奥迪伦。
Thank you for writing, Odilon.
谢谢你的来信，奥迪伦。
This is an excellent question!
这是一个很好的问题！
We know that the words “this, that, these, those” have many meanings and uses in English.
我们知道this, that, these, those在英语中有很多含义和用法。
One meaning of “this/these” is to note someone or something is near in physical distance.
this/these的一个意思是表示某人或某物在物理距离上离说话人很近。
“That/those” can note someone or something that is far in physical distance.
that/those表示距离说话人较远的人或物。
Here are two examples: You can say, “This book is mine” while holding it in your hand.
这里有两个例子：当你手中拿着一本书时，你可以说“这本书是我的”。
And you can say, “That book is yours” while pointing at one on the table across the room.
你也可以指着房间另一头的桌子上的一本书，说“那本书是你的”。
Near and far can also demonstrate time.
近和远也可以指时间概念上的远近。
"This” can mean now or current, and “that” can mean before or earlier.
this可以指“现在”或“当下”，that可以指“以前”或“早些时候”。
For example: The solar eclipse will not happen again this year.
例如：今年不会再发生日食。
The last supermoon came in September. At that time, the moon’s orbit brought it closer than usual to Earth.
上一次的超级月亮出现在9月份。那时，月球的轨道使月球与地球的距离比往常更近。
In the first sentence, “this” notes the current year.
在第一句话中，this表示当下的年份。
In the second sentence, “that” refers to a time in the past.
在第二句中，that指的是过去的某个时间。
We can also use “this/that” to show preference or a desirable choice.
我们也可以用this/that来表示偏好或想要的选择。
“This” can demonstrate a more desirable choice, and “that” can demonstrate a less desirable choice.
this可以用来指一个更理想的选择，而that可以表示一个不太理想的选择。
Here are two examples:
这里有两个例子：
This is my favorite restaurant.
这是我最喜欢的餐厅。
That doesn’t sound very fun.
这听起来不是很有趣。
In the first sentence, “this” shows the restaurant is the best choice, and “that” in the second sentence demonstrates the idea is not a desirable one.
在第一句中，this表明这家餐馆是最好的选择，而第二句中的that表明这个想法并不可取。
“This/these” also has an additional use.
this/these还有一个用法。
We can use “this/these” for focus, or attention, to establish new information.
我们可以用this/these来引起听者的注意力，从而给出新的信息。
Using “this/these” can direct the reader’s or listener’s attention to important information.
使用this/these可以将读者或听众的注意力引向重要的信息。
Here is an example.
这里有一个例子。
And this is one major concern about the use of artificial intelligence: ownership.
这是对使用人工智能的一个主要担忧：所有权。
“This” directs the reader to pay attention to the new information that is coming in the sentence.
“这”引导读者关注句子中即将出现的新信息。
The important information in the sentence is a major concern. Ownership is the major concern.
句子中的重要信息是“主要担忧”，而这个担忧是所有权。
Please let us know if this explanation has helped you, Odilon.
请让我们知道这些解释是否对你有帮助，奥迪伦。
And that’s Ask a Teacher.
以上就是《名师答疑》。
I’m Gena Bennett.
我是吉娜·班尼特。
