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Hello!
大家好!
This week on Ask a Teacher, we will answer a question about three verbs, “restrain,” “refrain,” and “restrict.”
本周《名师答疑》，我们回答关于restrain、refrain和restrict这三个动词的问题。
Dear Teacher, I am Anora, your loyal reader from China.
亲爱的老师，我是阿诺拉，是您来自中国的忠实读者。
I'm glad to write this email.
我很高兴能写这封电子邮件。
I am confused by the words “restrain,” “refrain,” and “restrict.”
我被restrain、refrain和restrict这几个词弄糊涂了。
I sincerely hope to know their differences.
我真诚地希望能知道它们之间的区别。
Looking forward to your wonderful answers.
期待您的精彩回答。
Yours, Anora.
您的阿诺拉。
Dear Anora, thanks for writing to us!
亲爱的阿诺拉，谢谢你的来信！
This is an interesting question.
这是一个有趣的问题。
These words appear similar, but they are different in their meanings, use, and especially whether they take a direct object or not.
这几个词看起来很相似，但它们的意义、用法都不同，尤其是在它们是否带直接宾语方面。
Let’s look at each word and compare!
让我们来看看每个单词，并进行比较！
Restrain is a verb that takes a direct object.
restraint是带直接宾语的动词。
In grammar, this means that it is transitive.
在语法中，这意味着它是及物的。
The first meaning is that you limit or prevent a person or even an animal from doing something.
它的第一个意思是你限制或阻止一个人或一只动物做某事。
I must restrain my cat with a leash when going outside.
我外出时必须用绳子限制我的猫。
Another meaning is that you prevent someone from doing something or deny them freedom by using physical force or official power.
另一个意思是，你通过使用武力或官方权力来阻止某人做某事或剥夺他们的自由。
For example: You should never restrain someone having a seizure by holding them down.
例如：对于癫痫发作的人，永远不要按住他们来抑制他们的发作。
You can restrain yourself or others from some kind of action through methods of control.
你可以通过某些控制方法来抑制自己或他人的某种行为。
Like restraining your emotions or limiting yourself in some way.
比如克制自己的情绪，或者以某种方式限制自己。
I restrained myself from having another piece of pie on Thanksgiving.
感恩节那天，我克制自己，没有再吃一块馅饼。
You can also restrain things from getting too large.
你也可以限制东西变得太大。
The government raised interest rates in hopes of restraining inflation.
政府提高了利率，希望能抑制通货膨胀。
Refrain is a verb that does not take a direct object; it is intransitive.
refrain是一个不带直接宾语的动词，它是不及物的。
To refrain means that you stop yourself from doing something by choice.
它的意思是你自己选择阻止自己做某事。
I’m refraining from buying anything on Black Friday. There are better sales right before the holidays.
我忍着不在黑色星期五买任何东西。假期之前有更划算的促销活动。
Refrain is also a noun.
refrain也是名词。
In music, it means a repeated part of a song, such as a melody or chorus.
在音乐中，它指的是歌曲中重复的部分，如一段旋律或副歌。
We often remember refrains of songs because they are repeated.
我们经常会记住歌曲中的副歌，因为副歌会重复。
It can also mean a word, phrase or saying that is repeated such as in a poem or song.
它还可以指在诗歌或歌曲中重复出现的单词、短语或句子。
Lana Del Rey uses the refrain “red dress” in many of her songs.
拉娜·德雷在她的许多歌曲中都用了red dress这个重复出现的词组。
Let’s move on to “restrict.”
接下来再说restrict。
Restrict is a verb that takes a direct object.
这是一个带直接宾语的动词。
It means to put a limit on something or to reduce or prevent it.
意思是对某事施加限制，或减少，或阻止某事。
In the US, the government restricts anyone under 18 years of age from voting in elections.
在美国，政府限制未满18岁的人在选举中投票。
If you restrict a person or animal “to” something else, you have limited them to one thing.
如果是restrict加某人或动物加to，意思就是你把他们限制在某一个东西上。
They restrict their dog to a special diet for his health.
他们限制他们的狗只吃一种特殊的饮食，从而让它保持健康。
You can restrict something to a particular group or place.
也可以将某事限定在特定的群体或地方范围内。
During the height of the pandemic, many countries restricted entry to hospitals to authorized people or patients.
在疫情最严重的时期，许多国家限定只让授权人员或患者进入医院。
Please let us know if these explanations and examples have helped you!
请让我们知道这些解释和例子是否对你有帮助！
And that’s Ask a Teacher.
以上就是本期《名师答疑》。
I’m Faith Pirlo.
我是费思·皮尔洛。
