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On a recent visit, it seemed as if every available nook between buildings at street level had been turned into a grocery shop or a place for carts selling sweets to schoolchildren, who shouted and laughed as they manoeuvred between mopeds, their Unicef school bags bobbing up and down on their shoulders.
在最近的一次参观中，我发现街道上建筑物之间可用的每个角落似乎都变成了杂货店，或者变成了向学童售卖糖果的手提车放置的地方。孩子们骑着摩托自行车来回穿梭，喊着笑着，肩上背着的联合国儿童基金会的书包上下摆动着。
The camp’s origins go back to 1949, when a group of Palestinian refugees pitched their tent on a piece of wasteland on the outskirts of Beirut.
这个难民营的起源可以追溯到1949年，当时一群巴勒斯坦难民在贝鲁特郊区的一块荒地上搭起了帐篷。
Within weeks, more families, mainly from the Galilee, had settled there, and the International Committee of the Red Cross recognised it as one of the 17 camps housing about 100,000 Palestinian refugees who had fled to Lebanon, drifting through the villages of the south or arriving by boat in Beirut.
几周之内，更多的家庭(主要来自加利利地区)在这里定居下来，红十字国际委员会承认这里是收容约10万名巴勒斯坦难民的17个难民营之一，这些难民要么漂流穿过南部村庄，要么乘船抵达贝鲁特，逃到黎巴嫩。
A small minority of the newcomers – middle-class or well-connected – were offered Lebanese citizenship; the rest, poor peasants like Kamal’s grandfather, were dispersed into camps.
一小部分中产阶级或有人脉的新移民获得了黎巴嫩公民身份；其余的外来者，像卡迈勒的祖父一样的贫苦农民被驱赶到难民营。
By then, the state of Israel was secure in most of historical Palestine, having defeated the ramshackle Arab armies who opposed Israel’s creation and completed the expulsion of more than 700,000 people in an exodus that became known to Arabs as the Nakba, or catastrophe.
在那时，以色列国在巴勒斯坦历史上的大部分地区都坚不可摧，他们击败了拼凑起来的反对以色列建国的阿拉伯军队，并完成了对70多万人的驱逐。这场驱逐被阿拉伯人称为浩劫（Nakba）。
The images of the long caravans of people, driven from their ancestral towns and villages by the nascent Israeli state, marching towards their destiny as stateless refugees, carrying bundles and clutching the hands of children, would be seared on the collective memory not only of the Palestinians, but the region as a whole.
被新生的以色列国家赶出祖祖辈辈生活的城镇和村庄的人们，拖着包袱，抓着孩子的手，以无国籍难民的身份走向他们的命运。这些画面不仅会铭刻在巴勒斯坦人的集体记忆中，也会铭刻在整个地区的集体记忆中。
At first, clusters of tents, and sometimes whole camps, formed around traditional leaders and village elders.
起初，聚集的帐篷，有时是整个营地，围绕着传统领袖和村庄长老搭建。
As much as the conditions of displacement and exile permitted, these camps recreated the communities back home.
在流亡条件允许的情况下，这些难民营重建了重回家园的社区。
Over time, as these refugee camps expanded, they became ghettoes and shantytowns.
随着时间的推移，这些难民营不断扩大，变成了贫民窟和棚户区。
Their continued existence was testimony to the historical injustice inflicted on their inhabitants.
难民营的继续存在是这些居民在历史上受到不公正待遇的证明。
Yet, as such, the camps became a repository of memory, which conserved and perpetuated a Palestine national identity in exile.
然而，就其本身而言，这些难民营成为了记忆的宝库，使巴勒斯坦民族特征得以保存并延续下去。
When the first wave of Palestinian refugees arrived, they constituted about 10% of the entire population of Lebanon, and the Lebanese political and security establishment feared that the new arrivals would disturb the balance of power in the sectarian state, and challenge the Maronite Christian dominance.
当第一波巴勒斯坦难民抵达时，他们约占黎巴嫩总人口的10%，黎巴嫩的政治和安全机构担心新来的巴勒斯难民会扰乱这个宗派国家的权力平衡，并挑战马龙派基督教的统治地位。
The army’s intelligence department was tasked with controlling the refugee camps through harsh surveillance, intimidation and repression.
黎巴嫩军方情报部门的任务是通过严格监视、恐吓和镇压来控制难民营。
