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External Ear Anatomy
外耳解剖学
Today we are going to learn about Anatomy of External Ear.
今天我们要学习外耳解剖学。
The ear is divided into 3 parts:
耳朵分为3个部分：
1.External ear
1.外耳
2.Middle ear
2.中耳
3.Internal ear
3.内耳
The external ear is again divided into 3 parts which will make it easier to remember.
为了方便记忆，外耳再次被分成3个部分。
Its 3 parts are (1) auricle or pinna (2) external acoustic canal and (3) the tympanic membrane.
这3个部分分别是：(1)耳廓；(2)外耳道；(3)鼓膜。
1.Auricle or Pinna
耳廓
The entire pinna, except its lobule which is made of fat, and the outer part of external acoustic canal, are made up of a framework of a single piece of yellow elastic cartilage which is then covered with skin.
整个耳廓，除了由脂肪组成的小叶，以及外耳道的外部部分，都是由一片黄色的弹性软骨构成的框架，然后被皮肤覆盖。
There is no cartilage between the tragus and crus of the helix, and this area which is without cartilage, is called the incisura terminalis.
耳廓和耳轮之间没有软骨，这个没有软骨的区域称为耳界切迹。
An incision made in this area will not cut through the cartilage.
在这个区域做的切口不会穿过软骨。
Since cartilage are unable to heal properly and therefore this area is used for endaural approach in surgery of the ear.
由于软骨不能正常愈合，因此这一区域被用于耳外科手术的耳内入路。
Pinna is also the source of graft materials for the surgeon.
耳廓也是外科医生移植材料的来源。
Cartilage from the tragus, perichondrium from the tragus or concha, and fat from the lobule are frequently used for reconstructive surgery of the middle ear.
耳屏的软骨、耳屏或耳甲的软骨膜和小叶的脂肪经常用于中耳重建手术。
The conchal cartilage has also been used to correct the depressed nasal bridge while the composite grafts of the skin and cartilage from the pinna are sometimes used for repair of defects of nasal ala in nasal surgery.
鼻甲软骨也被用来矫正凹陷的鼻梁，而耳廓皮肤和软骨的复合移植有时用于鼻外科修复鼻翼缺损。
2.External Acoustic (Auditory) Canal
2.外耳道
It extends from the bottom of the concha to the tympanic membrane and measures about 24 mm along its posterior wall.
从外耳门向内延伸至鼓膜，长度约24毫米。
It is not a straight tube; its outer part is directed upwards, backwards and medially, while its inner part is directed downwards, forwards and medially.
它不是一个直管；它的外部是向上、向后和向中间的，而它的内部是向下、向前和向中间的。
Therefore, to see the tympanic membrane, the pinna has to be pulled upwards, backwards and laterally so as to bring the two parts in alignment.
为了看到鼓膜，耳廓必须向上、向后和横向拉，以便使两部分对齐。
The canal is divided into two parts: (a) cartilaginous and (b) bony
耳道由两部分组成：软骨部分和骨质部分。
(a) Cartilaginous Part
(a)软骨部分
It forms outer one-third (8 mm) of the canal.
它组成了管道的外部三分之一(8毫米)。
Cartilage is a continuation of the cartilage which forms the framework of the pinna.
软骨是构成耳廓框架的软骨的延续。
(b) Bony Part It forms inner two-thirds (16 mm).
(b)骨质部分。它形成内侧三分之二(16毫米)。
3.Tympanic Membrane or the Drumhead
3.鼓膜
It forms the partition between the external acoustic canal and the middle ear.
它形成了外耳道和中耳之间的隔板。
It is obliquely set and as a result, its posterosuperior part is more lateral than its antero-inferior part.
它是倾斜的，因此，它的后上部分比它的前下部分更靠近外侧。
It is 9-10 mm tall, 8-9 mm wide and 0.1 mm thick.
它高9-10毫米，宽8-9毫米，厚0.1毫米。
Tympanic membrane can be divided into two parts: Pars Tensa Pars Flaccida.
鼓膜可分为两部分：紧张部、松弛部。
