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Stroke
中风
Stroke is a brain attack which causes your body to become paralyzed.
中风是一种可导致身体瘫痪的脑部疾病。
It is a very common problem throughout the world.
这是全世界非常普遍的问题。
Every 1 in 6 man and every 1 in 5 woman is at risk for developing stroke.
男性患中风的风险为六分之一，女性为五分之一。
It is the second highest cause of death and highest cause of disability in the world.
中风是世界上第二大致死因，也是最高致残原因。
What happens in Stroke?
中风时会发生什么？
In about 80% of cases, stroke is due to blockage of a blood vessel in brain due to blood clot.
在大约80%的病例中，中风是由于血液凝块导致脑血管阻塞。
In 20% of cases, stroke is due to rupture of a blood vessel in brain.
在20%的病例中，中风是由脑血管破裂造成的。
In both cases, parts of affected brain suddenly stop working.
在这两种情况下，受影响的部分大脑会突然停止工作。
What causes Stroke?
中风的原因是什么？
There are many causes.
原因很多。
Most important cause is high blood pressure, especially long standing and uncontrolled high blood pressure.
中风最重要的原因是高血压，特别是长期得不到控制的高血压。
Diabetes, high cholesterol and heart diseases are also important risk factor.
糖尿病、高胆固醇和心脏病也是重要的危险因素。
Another important risk factor is tobacco in the form of cigarette, shisha or even chewing tobacco.
另一个重要的风险因素是香烟、水烟甚至咀嚼式烟草。
These factors over period of time affect blood vessels of brain, ending up in either blockage or rupture of them.
随着时间的推移，这些因素会影响脑血管，最终导致血管堵塞或破裂。
How do we identify Stroke?
我们如何识别中风？
Acronym for stroke symptoms is known as FAST.
中风症状的首字母缩写是FAST。
F stands for paralysis or drooping FACE.
F代表瘫痪或面部下垂。
A is for weakness of ARMS or legs.
A代表四肢无力。
S represents slurring of SPEECH and inability to speak.
S代表说话含糊不清或不能说话。
If any one develops one or more of these symptoms suddenly, they probably had a stroke.
如果任何一个人突然出现上述症状中的一种或多种，他们很可能是中风了。
T stands for time, means you have to rush to emergency because in stroke, 'time is brain'.
T代表时间，意味着你必须紧急处理，因为中风后，“时间就是大脑”。
If you loose time, you are going to loose brain.
如果你浪费时间，你就会失去大脑。
What to do if someone has a stroke?
如果有人中风了怎么办？
Take patient to emergency room as soon as possible.
尽快把病人送到急诊室。
An urgent CT scan is needed to find out if it is due to a blood clot or rupture of blood vessel (or brain hemorrhage).
检查是否有血凝块或血管破裂（或脑出血），需要立即进行CT扫描。
If it is due to a blood clot, patient may benefit from a clot busting drug called TPA.
如果是由于血栓所致，患者可以使用一种破血栓药物TPA。
This mediator can only be given with 4-5 hours.
该药物只能在4-5小时内摄入。
Patient needs to be admitted in hospital, preferably in a stroke care unit.
病人需要住院，最好是在中风护理病房。
Blood pressure control and prevention of complications like Pneumonia are mandatory.
必须控制血压和预防肺炎等并发症。
Long Term Care
长期护理
Stroke patients require long time to recover, usually months and have a chance of recurrence of stroke.
中风患者需要很长时间恢复，通常是几个月，而且可能会复发。
Long term care requires:
长期护理需要：
- Daily medications prescribed by doctors.
医生每日的处方药。
- Abstinence from smoking/tobacco
戒烟
- Rehabilitation and regular exercise
康复运动以及定期锻炼
Some patients may require surgery of brain or blood vessel.
一些患者可能需要脑部或血管手术。
Take home Message
关键信息
- Stroke is preventable.
中风是可以预防的。
If risk factors are controlled, especially high blood pressure.
如果危险因素得以控制，特别是高血压，中风就可以预防。
- Stroke is treatable.
中风是可以治疗的。
Most people can go back to work with the correct treatment.
经过正确的治疗，大多数人可以重返工作岗位。
