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Depression can affect anyone regardless of their age, which means it can also affect children and adolescents.
无论年龄多大，抑郁症可以影响任何人，包括儿童和青少年。
Statistics show that about 3% of children between the ages of three to 17 deal with depression.
统计数据显示，3-17岁的儿童或青少年有约3%患有抑郁症。
However, the percentage tends to be higher in children older than 13.
而这一比例在13岁以上的儿童中往往更高。
In the U.S. alone, an estimated 3.2 million children and adolescents have had at least one major depressive episode, and 31.9% have had an anxiety episode.
仅在美国，就有约320万儿童和青少年至少经历过一次严重的抑郁发作，31.9%经历过焦虑发作。
The causes of childhood depression can vary, but some are family history, bullying, environment or family problems, physical illness, or stress.
儿童抑郁的原因五花八门，不过有些是家族史、霸凌、环境或家庭问题、身体疾病或压力导致。
Despite common perception, children do experience stress which can invariably, if left untreated, caused depression.
人们普遍认为，儿童确实会产生压力，如果不加以治疗，必然会导致抑郁症。
Unlike in adults, depression in children presents itself differently. Symptoms vary from irritability to low energy.
儿童抑郁症与成人表现不同，有的是易怒，有的是没有精气神儿。
If symptoms last longer than two weeks, it's best to reach out to a healthcare provider.
如果症状持续超过两周，那么最好是联系医疗保健提供者。
So, here are eight signs that signal childhood depression.
所以，这里有8个标志儿童期抑郁症的迹象。
Number one, severe moodiness.
第一，严重情绪化。
Though children are usually moody and feel lots of heavy emotions, severe highs and lows can be a signal of depression.
虽然孩子通常喜怒无常，情绪很重，但严重的情绪起伏可能是抑郁症的信号。
For example, your child may seem all right one moment, but suddenly they break out into an emotional outburst the next.
例如，你的孩子可能前一刻看起来还不错，下一刻突然情绪爆发。
Though, emotional outbursts usually have a trigger, like a broken toy and emotional outburst without a defined trigger is the symptom of depression.
不过，情绪爆发通常有一个触发点，比如坏了的玩具，而没有确定触发点的情绪爆发是抑郁症的症状。
They may be dealing with emotions that they don't know how to articulate, let alone cope with.
他们可能正在处理他们不知道如何表达的情绪，更不用说怎么去处理了。
Another sign of moodiness is irritability.
另一个情绪化的迹象是易怒。
They experience increased sensitivity and hence more bouts of irritability.
他们会变得更加敏感，因此会出现更多的易怒症状。
This symptom can manifest itself through angry fights, increased emotional sensitivity, increased anxiety, or emotional numbness.
这种症状会通过愤怒的争吵、情绪更加敏感、更加焦虑、或更加麻木这些特征表现出来。
If you notice these symptoms in your child, be compassionate and always willing to listen without judgment.
如果你在你的孩子身上发现了这些症状，一定要有同情心，并愿意不加评判地倾听。
Puberty has difficult enough without having to deal with mental health issues.
即便不处理心理健康问题，青春期也已经够困难的了。
Number two, low energy.
第二，没有精气神儿。
A hallmark symptom of depression is low energy.
抑郁的典型症状是没有精气神儿。
Your child may seem unwilling to do things or participate in daily tasks.
你的孩子可能会看起来不愿意做事情或参与日常任务。
They exhibit lethargic or extreme fatigue.
他们表现出嗜睡或极度疲劳。
Though this symptom is commonly interpreted as anemia, especially in children, it can also be depression.
虽然这种症状通常被解释为贫血，特别是发生在儿童身上，但它也可以是抑郁症。
Depression represses many neurotransmitters, namely serotonin.
抑郁会抑制许多神经递质，即血清素。
Serotonin helps you sleep, but more importantly, serotonin helps you get REM sleep.
血清素有助于睡眠，但更重要的是，血清素能帮助你进入“快速眼动睡眠”。
Although your child may be going to bed every night, they may be having difficulty getting the restorative sleep they need.
虽然你的孩子可能每天晚上都上床睡觉，但他们可能难以获得他们需要的恢复性睡眠。
Though for us adults, sleep aids like melatonin or sleeping pills help, it's best to keep these substances away from children.
对我们成年人来说，褪黑素或安眠药等睡眠辅助药物会有帮助，但最好不要给小孩吃这些。
Number three, lack of interest in fun activities.
第三，对有趣的活动缺乏兴趣。
Depression robs you of any joy or happiness.
抑郁会剥夺你的快乐和幸福。
It sucks the color out of life, creating an out gray world in their eyes.
它让生活失去了色彩，创造了一个灰色的世界。
If you notice that your child experiences a lack of interest, please talk to them.
如果你发现你的孩子缺乏兴趣，请和他们谈谈。
Let them know that you're willing to listen without judgment.
让他们知道你愿意不加评判地倾听。
If they're willing to speak to you, suggest help from children and young people's mental health service specialists.
如果他们愿意和你交谈，建议寻求儿童或年轻人的心理健康服务专家的帮助。
Number four, change in eating habits.
第四，改变饮食习惯。
As a cause of lack of interest and poor sleep, children can also experience changes in their eating habits.
由于缺乏兴趣并且睡眠不好，孩子们的饮食习惯也会发生变化。
Changes in eating and sleeping habits are telltale signs of depression, regardless of age.
不管年龄多大，饮食和睡眠习惯的改变都是抑郁症的迹象。
Feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness can affect eating and sleeping patterns, causing your child to either overeat or not eat at all.
无价值感或绝望感会影响饮食和睡眠模式，导致孩子暴饮暴食或根本不吃东西。
Food triggers chemical responses in the brain, hence altering emotions.
食物会触发大脑里的化学反应，从而改变情绪。
For example, cars trigger a dopamine release, which allows your child to feel comforted whenever they eat a plate of pasta or sugary pastries.
例如，汽车会触发多巴胺释放，从而让你的孩子在吃一盘意大利面或含糖糕点时感到舒适。
To help them cope with emotionally triggered changes in eating habits, introduce a healthier diet filled with nutrients and vitamins that can help them cope with depression better.
为了帮助孩子们应对情绪引发的饮食习惯变化，引入一种更健康的饮食，富含营养和维生素，可以帮助他们更好地应对抑郁。
Number five, feelings of sadness or hopelessness.
第五，悲伤或绝望的感觉。
Depression is a mood disorder.
抑郁症是一种情绪障碍。
It almost acts like the death eaters in Azkaban prison.
它就像阿兹卡班监狱里的食死徒。
Depression can drain you of all of your will and gumption.
抑郁会耗尽你所有的意志和进取心。
It can make a child feel hopeless and worthless.
它会让孩子感到绝望和毫无价值。
At times, it can instill feelings of guilt.
有时，它会让人产生负罪感。
Number six, behavioral problems at school.
第六，在学校的行为问题。
As a result of the other symptoms, they can exhibit behavioral problems at school.
作为其他症状的结果，孩子在学校会表现出行为问题。
This sign is more of an indirect by-product of internal turmoil and general irritability.
这一迹象更多的是身体絮乱和易怒的间接副产品。
They may end up starting fights at school or be talking back.
他们可能会在学校打架或顶嘴。
Behavioral problems, especially at school, can be inconvenient and irksome to deal with.
行为问题，尤其是在学校里，处理起来很不方便，也很烦人。
However, if you suspect the lashing out is connected to depression, try to be compassionate.
然而，如果你怀疑这种行为与抑郁症有关，要试着表现出同情心。
They may be reluctant to talk about it, but let them know that you're willing and ready to listen to them when they're ready to talk.
他们可能不愿意谈论这个问题，但要让他们知道，当他们准备好谈的时候，你愿意也准备好了倾听。?
Number seven, declining grades.
第七，成绩下降。
Another result is a decline in their grades.
另一个结果是他们的成绩下降。
A decline in their grades can happen gradually or immediately, but it's a sure sign that they've lost interest.
成绩下降可能慢，也可能快，但这确实表明他们已经失去了兴趣。
Declined grades can also be a cry for help, by subliminally letting others know that they feel emotionally overwhelmed.
成绩下降也可能是一种求助，因为他们潜意识里想让别人知道他们在情感上不知所措。
And number eight, social withdrawal.
第八，不合群。
One of the last symptoms is social withdrawal.
最后一个症状是不合群。
Extreme shyness can sometimes be a sign of depression, though that's not always the case.
极度害羞有时可能是抑郁的迹象，尽管并非总是如此。
They may seem hesitant to make friends or lose connection with their current friends.
他们可能会在交朋友或和现在的朋友断绝联系上犹豫不决。
Do you relate to this video?
这个视频和你有关吗？
If so, please reach out to your child with compassion and understanding, and talk to them if you notice any of these depressive symptoms.
如果有，请给予你的孩子同情和理解，如果你发现任何这些抑郁症状，一定要和他们谈谈。
Depression can manifest itself in many different ways.
抑郁症可以以许多不同的方式表现出来。
However, if you notice that your child or teen becomes increasingly focused on death, prefers isolation, starts giving away their possessions, or as harming themselves,
然而，如果你注意到你的孩子越来越关注死亡，更喜欢孤独，开始放弃他们的财产，或者伤害自己，
then these signs are especially concerning because they indicate that they've been thinking about suicide.
那么这些迹象尤其令人担忧，因为这表明他们一直在考虑自杀。
Try and sit down and talk to them about what they're going through.
试着坐下来和他们谈谈他们的经历。
They may not wanna talk back, but this lets them know that there is someone there for them.
他们可能不想敞开心扉，但这让他们知道有人在那里等着和他们谈。
Please seek professional help to deal with Some of the symptoms discussed in this video.
请寻求专业帮助来处理本视频中讨论的一些症状。
