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OH brrr! It's a lot colder outside than I thought! I should have worn my heavy jacket!
哦呵！外面比我想象的冷多了！我应该穿我的厚夹克的！
That's a good one! Squeaks says that he's so cold that he feels like a rat-sicle!
这个笑话好笑！吱吱说他太冷了，感觉自己像个老鼠冰棍!
Have you ever said "I'm freezing!" when you're cold? I know I say that all the time...even though I'm not really frozen like an ice cube.
你有没有在冷的时候说过“我好冷”？我知道我一直都会这么说……即便我没有冻成冰快。
But did you know that there's a totally amazing animal that actually does freeze every winter?
但你知道吗，有一种神奇的动物每年冬天都会结冰。
Yep! Wood frogs will freeze when it gets cold. They really become frogsicles!
是的！天儿一冷，林蛙就会冻住，然后就真的变成了冰棍！
Then, when it gets warm, they thaw out and hop away, perfectly fine.
然后当天气变暖时它们就会融化，然后跳走，啥事儿都没有。
It's a pretty sweet trick — in more ways than one! And I'll tell you all about it while we're warming up!
有一个相当棒的技巧——用处多多！等咱俩暖和点儿的时候我就告诉你！
For a lot of animals, staying out in cold weather for a long time can be bad news.
对很多动物来说，在寒冷的天气里呆很长时间可能是个坏消息。
That's because bodies of living things have a lot of water in them. And what happens to water when it freezes?
这是因为生物体内有很多水，水结冰时会发生什么？
Yup! It turns into ice.
没错，会变成冰。
And if we look at ice really closely, we can see that it's made of tiny bits of frozen water stuck together in a fancy pattern.
如果我们仔细观察冰，我们可以看到它是由微小的冻结水以奇特的方式粘在一起组成的。
A pattern is something that repeats, like the hexagons in a beehive.
模式都是一样的，就像蜂巢里的六边形一样。
In ice, the bits of frozen water stick together and make a special design that repeats again and again. We call this pattern a crystal.
在冰里，冰冻的水粘在一起，形成了一种不断重复的特殊模式，我们称之为“水晶”。
Because it's in that special pattern, water that's frozen into ice crystals takes up more space than water that's liquid.
因为这种特殊的模式，结成冰晶的水比液态水要占更多的空间。
This is why it's not a good idea to freeze water in glass bottles.
这就是不能把水冻在玻璃瓶里的原因。
As the liquid water gets colder and starts forming ice crystals, it gets bigger so big, that it can cause the glass bottle to crack!
当液态水变冷并开始形成冰晶时，它会变得越来越大，以至于玻璃瓶会破裂！
And if water is in an animal's body when it freezes, it can cause a lot of damage— even if the animal eventually warms up, and the water turns back into liquid.
如果动物体内有水，水结冰时就会造成很多伤害——即使动物最终变暖，水又变成液体。
But somehow wood frogs are able to freeze every winter… and survive!
但不知何故，林蛙每年冬天都会被冻住，但却活了下来！
In part, that's because not all of the water in the frog's body freezes. Only most of it does.
某种程度上是因为青蛙体内并非所有的水都结冰了，只有大部分是这样。
So, even though the wood frog would feel hard as ice if you held it in your hands, parts of its body aren't completely frozen solid!
所以，即便你把树蛙拿在手里，会感觉它像冰一样硬，但它身体里的某些部分并没有完全冻结！
These parts are less like a popsicle and more like a slushie.
那些部位不像冰棍，更像是冰沙。
To keep from dying, the frog has to keep the water in some of its most fragile body parts, like its heart, liquid-y.
为了避免死亡，青蛙必须将水保存在它最脆弱的身体部位，比如心脏，要保持液态。
And you might be wondering, how does it do that!?
你可能在想了：它们是怎么做到的！？
Well it fills those parts with sugar!
嗯，它们会用糖填满那些部位！
Yup, sugar! The same stuff that helps to make treats taste sweet can keep water from freezing quickly.
没错，就是糖，糖不仅可以给水带来甜味，还可以防止水迅速结冰。
You can even try this out yourself! Ask a grownup to help you get two, identical plastic cups.
大家可以试一下！找个大人帮你拿两个一模一样的塑料杯。
You definitely want plastic here, so there's no risk of broken glass!
最好是塑料杯啦，不会打碎！
Put the same amount of water in each cup. Then, mix several spoon fulls of sugar into one of the cups.
在每个杯子里放上相同数量的水。然后把几勺糖混合到其中一个杯子里。
Mark the cup with the sugar in it so that you don't get the two cups mixed up… and put them both in the freezer.
在有糖的杯子里写上“糖”，这样就不会把两个杯子弄混了。然后把它们都放进冰箱。
Check on the cups once every hour or so. You should see that the water without the sugar freezes much faster than the one with the sugar.
每隔一小时左右检查一下杯子。你会发现不加糖的水比加糖的水结冰要快得多。
Why do you think that is, Squeaks?
你觉得这是为什么，吱吱？
It's OK not to know! It's a tough question.
不知道没关系，这个问题很难。
Let's think about what we do know: that ice forms when little bits of water get really cold and form a specific pattern called a crystal.
先运用我们的知识想想这个问题：当少量的水变得非常冷时冰就形成了，同时形成一种叫做水晶的特定模式。
So how might the sugar play into that?
那么糖在其中起什么作用呢？
Oh that's right! Sugar messes that pattern up!
没错，糖会打乱这种模式！
As the surgar-y water gets colder, the water part wants to form ice crystals. But the sugar literally gets in the way!
当含糖的水变冷时，水的部分想要形成冰晶，但糖真的会碍事！
Eventually, some of the water is able to make the pattern and make a small piece of ice.
最终，一些水能够变成这种模式并形成一小块冰。
And these small pieces of ice manage to get together to make larger pieces of ice basically pushing the sugar out of the way. But it does take longer.
这些小块冰聚在一起便成了大块冰，然后就能把糖挤走，但确实需要更长的时间。
As for our frozen frog, as long as enough water in the frog's body stays liquid-y enough that its most fragile parts don't form ice crystals, it can make it safely through the winter.
至于我们这只冰冻的青蛙，只要它体内有足够的水保持液态，使其最脆弱的部分不形成冰晶，它就能安全过冬。
Now, moving the sugar around its body is only one trick the frog uses to survive freezing.
在身体里移动糖只是青蛙在冰冻中生存的一个技巧。
It also moves the water that does freeze into body parts that are tough enough to take it.
它还能将结冰的水输送到身体的某些难以攻克的部位。
And scientists think there's even more to it than that, but they're still trying to figure it out.
科学家们认为还有更多的原因，但他们仍在试图找出原因。
Ultimately, we know this frog's super sweet tricks make it so that when the weather does warm up again, the frog can, too.
现在我们知道了这只青蛙的超级厉害的把戏，当天气再次变暖时，青蛙也能变暖。
And once the frog thaws out, it hops back to its usual life as if it was never frozen! Which I think is pretty... cool!
一旦青蛙解冻，它就会跳回它的正常生活，就好像从来没有冻住过一样！真的很酷！
Thanks for joining us. If you want to keep learning and having fun with Squeaks, me, and all our other friends, be sure to hit the subscribe button, and we'll see you next time here at the fort!
感谢收看我们的节目。如果你想继续学习，并与吱吱、我以及所有其他朋友共度美好时光，请点击订阅按钮，我们下期城堡见!
