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Far-right parties do not all hold the levers of power, but they stalk its corridors, releasing their ugly permissions into the mental and social atmosphere. "We're only saying what everyone is thinking" is the common justification and refrain. They wrap themselves in the mantle of redemption, as if they were saving the world from burning injustice (righteousness raised to the pitch of frenzy is the particular skill of the far right). "Hate can exist without any particular individuals," comments the narrator of Edouard Louis's bestselling 2016 novel History of Violence, which narrates the story of his rape after a casual encounter on the Paris city streets. "All it needs is a place where it can come back to life."
极右政党并非都掌握着权力的杠杆，但他们却在走廊上徘徊，把他们丑陋的权限释放到精神和社会氛围中。“我们只是说出了每个人的想法”是常见的理由并被不断重复。他们用救赎的外衣包裹自己，就好像他们在拯救这个世界，使之免于饱受不公之苦（把正义提升到疯狂的高度，是极右势力的特殊技能）。“仇恨可以在没有任何特定个体的情况下存在，”爱德华·路易斯2016年最畅销的小说《暴力史》的叙述者这样评论道。这本书讲述了他在巴黎街头偶遇后被强奸的故事。“它需要的只是一个能让它起死回生的地方。”
It is a paradox of human subjectivity that knowing you are capable of violence – recognising it as your problem, instead of blithely assigning it to someone else (of another race, class, nation or sex) – reduces the chances of making it happen. The idea of crushing violence – stamping it out or eradicating it from the Earth – simply increases the quotient of violence we have to face. We have seen this before, at the centre of 20th-century Europe, in the belief that the first world war would be the war to end all wars, a delusion that allowed that same war and its aftermath to carry on silently laying the groundwork for the next.
这是人类主观性的一个悖论：知道你有使用暴力的能力——承认它是你的问题，而不是轻松地把它分配给别人(另一个种族、阶级、国家或性别)——降低了暴力发生的机会。粉碎暴力的想法——将其铲除或从地球上根除它——只会增加我们不得不面对的暴力的程度。在20世纪的欧洲中心我们曾见过这种情况，相信第一次世界大战将是终结所有战争的战争，这种错觉让那场战争及其后果默默地继续下去，为下一次战争奠定了基础。
We are all subjects of violence, not least because we are embedded in a violent social world. There is always a point in any ethical position or turn – the struggle against injustice, the fight for a better, less violent order – where it starts and stutters, trips and breaks, before setting out on its path once more. At the beginning of The Human Condition, Hannah Arendt writes: "What I propose, therefore, is very simple: it is nothing more than to think about what we are doing."
我们都是暴力的受害者，尤其是因为我们生活在一个暴力的社会世界。在任何道德立场或转向中总会有这样一个点——与不公正作斗争，为更好、更少暴力的秩序而斗争——在再次踏上旅程之前，它会开始、结巴、绊倒、休息。汉娜·阿伦特在《人类境况》一书的开头写道：“因此，我的建议非常简单：无非就是思考一下我们正在做什么。”
If there is one thing of which writing about violence has convinced me, it is that if we do not make time for thought – which must include the equivocations of our inner lives – we will do nothing to end violence in the world, while we will surely be doing violence to ourselves.
如果有一件关于暴力的写作让我信服的话，那就是如果我们不腾出时间来思考——这肯定包括我们内心生活的含糊其辞——我们不会采取任何行动来结束世界上的暴力，而我们肯定会对自己施暴。
