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At the beginning of this video, I said the AA vowel is not always a pure AA.
在视频开头，我说过AA元音并不总是纯AA音。
This vowel changes when it's followed by a nasal consonant.
元音后面跟鼻辅音时，元音就改变了。
When it's followed by the M or N sounds, the tongue relaxes in the back, making an UH sound after AA.
它后面跟着M或N音时，舌头在后部放松，在AA后发UH音。
AA-UH.
AA-UH。
It's not a pure AA sound.
这不是纯AA音。
Unfortunately, this change is not represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
可惜这种变化并没有在国际音标中体现出来。
It's still written with the same AA symbol.
书写时还是用同样的AA符号。
So, you just have to know when it's followed by m or n, it's different.
所以，你只需要知道它后面跟m或n时，会不同。
We don't say 'man', aa, 'man', with a pure AA.
我们不读“man”，aa，“man”，纯AA音。
We say 'man', aa-uh, aa-uh, relaxing the tongue and corners of the lips before the consonant.
而是读“man”，aa-uh，aa-uh，在辅音前放松舌头和嘴角。
You can think of this UH relaxation as the 'uh' as in 'butter' sound or schwa sound.
你可以把这种放松想象成“butter”中的“uh”音或“schwa”音。
Let's look up close and in slow motion at the word 'exam'.
我们用慢镜近距离看一下“exam”这个词。
First we see the familiar shape of the mouth, when the AA is in a stressed syllable.
首先，我们看到当AA在重读音节中时，嘴型很熟悉。
Watch how the relaxation that happens: the corners of the lips relax in.
注意如何放松：嘴角放松，
The tongue will relax down in the back. And the lips close for the M consonant.
舌头在后部放松，嘴唇紧闭发出M辅音。
This relaxation of the corner of the lips and back of the tongue happens
AA元音后面跟着N辅音时，
when the AA vowel is followed by the N consonant as well.
唇角和舌背就会放松。
For example, the word 'hand'. Haa-uhnd. Hand.
例如，“hand”这个词，Haa-uhnd，Hand。
So, when you see this symbol followed by this symbol or this symbol, it's no longer a pure AA.
所以，当你看到这个符号后面跟着这个或者这个符号时，它不再是纯AA音。
Think of relaxing out of the vowel, AA-UH.
想想放松元音，AA-UH。
If the next sound is the NG consonant, it's a little different.
如果下一个音是NG辅音，就有点不同了。
Rather than 'aa-uh', the vowel changes into AY.
元音不是“aa-uh”，而变成“AY”。
It's really like the AY as in SAY diphthong.
就像在双元音SAY中的AY一样。
First, the middle part of the tongue lifts towards the roof of the mouth, then the front part of the tongue.
先把舌头的中间部分向口腔顶部提起，然后是舌头的前部。
Let's watch 'gang' up close and in slow motion.
我们用慢镜近距离看一下“gang”这个词。
The position for the first sound looks a lot like AA, but the part of the tongue lifting up is more forward.
第一个声音的位置看起来很像AA，但是舌头抬起的部分更向前。
Gaaaang.
Gaaaang。
Then the front part of the tongue arches up towards the roof of the mouth, while the tongue tip remains down.
然后舌头的前部朝嘴的顶部向上拱起，舌尖保持向下。
When you see this symbol followed by this symbol, it's no longer a pure AA.
当你看到这个符号后面跟着它时，就不再是纯AA了，
It's more like AY. Gang. Thanks.
而更像是AY，Gang、Thanks。
Pure stressed AA: Sat, aa
纯重读的AA：Sat、AA
Pure unstressed AA: backtrack, aa
纯非重读的AA：backtrack、aa
AA, aa, AA, aa.
AA、aa、AA、aa
AA vowel modified by M: exam, aa-uh
因为M而发生变化的AA元音：exam、aa-uh
AA vowel modified by N: man, aa-uh
因为N而发生变化的AA元音：man、aa-uh
AA vowel modified by NG: gang, ay
因为NG而发生变化的AA元音：gang、aa-uh
Example words. Repeat with me:
范例，请跟我重复：
I hope this video helps you understand this sound.
希望这个视频能帮助你理解这个发音。
That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
本期节目就到这里了，感谢收看《瑞秋纯正美式发音视频》。
