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Turbinates are these plates of bony structures that contain scent-detecting cells.
鼻甲是这些含有气味检测细胞的骨性结构板。
There's even a separate section called the vomeronasal organ, which is used primarily for social interactions.
甚至还有一个单独的部分叫做犁鼻器，主要用于社交活动。
So, mostly for sniffing butts.
主要是闻屁股。
Dog noses are thought to contain roughly 40 times the number of smell receptors that humans have.
狗鼻子含有的嗅觉感受器数量是人类的40倍。
More if you're looking at a highly sensitive dog like a bloodhound.
如果你说的是猎犬等高度敏感的狗狗的话，那就要更多了。
All dogs have talented sniffers, but it's a spectrum, some breeds are definitely better than others.
所有的狗狗都有很好的嗅探能力，但也有一个范围，有些品种肯定比其他品种好。
Bloodhounds actually have more scent receptors than most dogs.
实际上，猎犬比大多数狗的嗅觉感受器更多。
They also have other features that make them the famous nose-with-a-dog-attached.
它们还有别的特点。
In fact, those skin rolls that make bloodhounds so unique, actually help them trap and collect scent particles.
事实上，那些使猎犬如此独特的皮肤，实际上帮助它们捕捉和收集气味颗粒。
From here, the detected smells are converted into nerve impulses and sent to the olfactory bulb in the brain.
通过这里，检测到的气味被转换成神经冲动，并发送到大脑中的嗅球。
Within the olfactory bulb, an odor image is created, combining all the individual smells into a cohesive identifiable one.
在嗅球内，一个气味图像被创造出来，将所有的气味组合成一个有凝聚力的可识别的气味。
This is what helps dogs retain memories of scents for very long periods of time.
这有助于狗狗在很长一段时间内保持对气味的记忆。
There's another characteristic of a dog's nose that makes it unique; the wet and coldness of it.
狗鼻子的另一个特点使它与众不同：又湿又凉。
This is called a rhinarium, and it's that furless skin at the end of a nose.
这就是所谓的鼻镜，是鼻子末端没有毛的皮肤。
Now scientists aren't exactly sure what function is serves.
现在科学家们还不能确切地确定它的功能是什么。
Recent research suggests that it serves as a thermal radiation detector helping dogs sense heat.
最近的研究表明，它可以作为一个热辐射探测器，帮助狗感觉热量。
It could also just help scent molecules stick to the nose.
它还可以帮助气味分子粘在鼻子上。
I just want to eat you up. What do you think of that?
我只想把你吃掉，你觉得怎么样？
As a vet I often get asked if a dry nose is a sign of illness.
作为一名兽医，我经常被大家问：鼻子干是不是生病的征兆。
I tell them it can vary from species to species and just because your dog's nose is dry at that time it doesn't necessarily mean that something we need to be concerned about.
我告诉他们，这可能因物种而异，仅仅因为你家狗狗的鼻子在当时是干的，并不一定意味着我们需要对它格外关注。
These highly sensitive noses combined with their ability to be highly trained makes dogs exceptional companions for jobs that require an acute sense of smell.
这些高度敏感的鼻子再加上它们训练有素的能力，使得狗狗成为需要敏锐嗅觉工作人员的特殊伙伴。
I spent time with some of the best working with the Wildlife College and the Ivan Carter Wildlife Conservation Alliance in South Africa.
我曾和野生动物学院以及南非的伊万·卡特野生动物保护联盟的一些最优秀的成员一起工作。
They use bloodhounds trained at a very young age to track poachers in national parks and there's even a dog that tracks orphan baby rhinos,
他们用那些在很小的时候就接受过训练的猎犬来追踪国家公园里的偷猎者，甚至还有一只狗狗可以追踪小犀牛孤儿，
so these guys can be rescued and protected.
因此，这些动物可以得到拯救和保护。
Without these dogs we would catch poachers 4 to 6% of the time, implementing these dogs where they're finding poachers 75 to 80% of the time,
如果没有这些小狗，我们只能抓到偷猎者的4%-6%，而用这些小狗找的话，这一百分比能达到75%-80%，
and they often catch them before rhinos been killed.
而且他们经常在犀牛被杀之前抓住他们。
Thanks to their incredible noses, we've been able to protect hundreds of animals from poachers and rescue several baby orphan rhinos too.
多亏了它们令人难以置信的鼻子，我们才得以保护数百只动物免遭偷猎者的袭击，还拯救了几只小犀牛孤儿。
Thanks for watching our new series Tusks to Tails.
感谢收看我们的新系列《从象牙到尾巴》。
I'm Dr.Evan Antin, with my dog Henry, and if there's an animal you would like us to feature, please leave it in the comments.
我是医生埃文·安汀，这是我的狗狗亨利。如果你们想让我们介绍某种动物的话，请给我们留言。
We'll see you next time.
我们下期节目再见。
