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Hi, welcome to engVid.com.
欢迎来到英格威英语学习网。
My name is Adam and today, I want to talk to you about English now.
我是亚当，今天我给大家讲点英语。
I know that, you think, English is a very confusing language, and you're right.
我知道，大家认为英语是一门非常令人困惑的语言，的确如此。
It's a very confusing language. Many students have come to me and said:
它是一门非常令人困惑的语言。很多学生来跟我说：
but I checked in the dictionary, and this is what it means and I say yes,
但是我在词典中查过了，它就是这个意思，我说是的，
but there are several meanings in the dictionary,
但是词典中它有好几个意思，
which one did you choose and everybody looks at me and going: The one it says in the dictionary.
你选了哪个意思，大家都看着我说：词典中显示的意思。
Little hint for all of you, all of you studying English, many words in English have more than one meaning
给学英语的大家一点小提示，英语中很多单词都布置有一个意思，
and the dictionary doesn't list them in the order that you need them, it just gives you definitions.
词典没有按你想要的顺序展示它们，它只给出释义。
You need to look at the context. What is the sentence around this word you're not understanding, okay?
你需要考虑上下文。你不理解的这个单词周围的句子。
So I have, I chose a few examples here just to give you an idea of what I'm talking about
我选了一些例子，来让大家理解我所说的意思。
So I think all of you know this word - "wear". You wear clothes, you wear a tie, you wear glasses?
我想大家都知道这个单词“wear”。你穿了衣服，打了领带，戴了眼镜。
So most of you think - this is a verb about clothes, okay?
所以大多人都认为它是一个关于衣服的动词吧？
Did you know, that, this can also be a noun? Now, the noun "wear" and the verb 'wear' have absolutely no relationship.
你知道吗，它也可以是名词？名词“wear”和动词“wear”意思很不一样。
The noun wear, although, it can also be used as a verb. Basically means, to make less, to make more weak okay, for example,
但是名词“wear”也能用作动词。基本上意思是，使变得更少，使变得更虚弱，比如，
if you put a lot of friction, if you rub something a long time, the material will become less and less.
如果你施加很大的摩擦，如果你长时间摩擦某物，这种材料会变得越来越少。
So for example, look at my jeans, okay? If I do this many times,
举个例子，看看我的牛仔裤，好吗？如果我这么做很多次，
eventually, my knee area will wear and then, when this area is worn, okay,
最终，我的膝盖部位会磨损，当这个部位磨损时，
there will be a hole here and then, these jeans will have so much wear that I won't be able to wear them in public.
到处都会有一个洞，这些牛仔裤就有了很多磨损，我就不能在公共场合穿了。
People will laugh at me. That's not good. Now usually, we talked about wear and tear, okay.
人们会嘲笑我的。那不是很好。通常，我们讲的是磨损和损坏。
This is the use of materials. Now for example, if you have anything with moving parts, your car, for example,
这是材料的使用。现在举个例子，如果你有一个包含移动部件的东西，比如你的车，
you drive, you drive, you drive, you drive, eventually things start to break and fall apart.
你一直开，一直开，一直开，最终部件开始断裂，破碎。
Why? Because of the wear on the parts. You metal rubbing against metal, the metal becomes less, becomes weak. Okay, so that's wear.
为什么？因为部件出现了磨损。金属不停地摩擦着金属，金属越来越少，越来越易损坏。它就是这个意思。
I think everybody knows this word -"meet". You're going to meet your friends.
我想每个人都知道这个词——“meet”。你要去见你的朋友。
You're going to meet for drinks Okay, great. Did you know that, this word can also be a noun.
你们会见面喝点东西好的，太好了。你知道吗，它也可以是名词。
You thinking: meet - noun? Can't be, but it can, okay?
你会想：meet是名词？不可能吧，但是它可以是名词。
When, for example, recently, you've seen the Olympics.
比如，最近，你看了奥林匹克运动会。
The Olympics is the biggest, swim meet in the world.
奥运会是世界上最大的游泳比赛。
It's the biggest gymnastics meet in the world, the biggest track and field meet in the world.
它是世界上最大的体操运动会，世界上最大的田径运动会。
A meet, basically means an event and usually we're talking about a sports event,
一场运动会，通常指的是一项赛事，通常是指体育赛事，
but, meet as a verb, also has other meanings, besides meet someone.
但是，它作为一个动词，除了见到某人，也有其他的意思。
You can meet expectations. Your boss wants you to be able to do this much work in a week, let's say.
你可以满足预期。比方说，你的老板希望你能在一周内完成这么多工作。
If you can meet expectations, means, you can finish all that work that your boss wants you to do, right.
如果你能达到预期，就意味着你能完成老板希望你做的所有工作。
Nothing to do with other people, has to do with the work.
与其他人无关，和工作有关。
Your meeting expectations, your meeting deadlines etc. Now most of you, I think know this word.
达到预期，赶上最后期限等等。大多数人，我想你知道这个词。
Do you think it means, mean, like not nice, as an adjective? This word can also be a noun?
你知道它作为形容词有不好的意思吗？它也可以是一个名词？
Now, I'm shocking you, I know, but, what does mean mean as a noun?
我知道，大家感到震惊，但是，它作为名词是什么意思呢？
Well, for example, some of you are going to be taking the IELTS exam.
比如，你们当中有些人会参加雅思考试。
You have a reading score, a listening score, a speaking score and a writing score.
有阅读分数，听力分数，口语分数和写作分数。
The universities, they want to see your mean score.
大学想看的是你的平均分。
What does that mean? It basically means your average.
这是什么意思呢？意思就是你的平均分。
If you take all the four scores, the mean is where these come in the middle, in the average.
如果你取所有4个分数，均值就是这些平均的分数，也就是平均值。
So you have to be careful to use this as a adjective, as an adjective sometimes as a noun.
所以当你把它用作形容词的时候要小心，它有时也用作名词。
So someone that says have you taken the TOEFL exam? Yes? What was the mean?
有人问你参加TOELF考试了吗？是吗？这是什么意思？
Oh, it was seven, oh congratulations, you're going to university.
考了七分。恭喜你，你要去上大学了。
Next - make make. Everybody knows make. This is one of the first verbs you learn in English right,
接下来看“make”。大家都知道“make”。这是你最先学会的英语动词之一，
to make, to create, to build something.
去制造，去创造，去建造一些东西。
Here's another little shocker. It's also a noun. Let's say you're calling tech support.
这个也有点令人震惊。它也是一个名词。假设你打电话给技术支持。
Your computer is not working very well, you call tech support.
你的电脑不太好用，你打电话给技术支持。
The first question the tech support guy is going to ask you is what's the make of your computer?
技术支持人员会问你的第一个问题是你的电脑是什么型号的？
You say I don't want to make a computer. I want to fix my computer, and he's saying, well, yes, but what's the make?
你说，我不想制造电脑，我想修理我的电脑，他说，好吧，是的，但是是什么型号？
So make, basically means the maker or the manufacturer? Basically who made it.
所以型号，基本上是指制造者还是制造商？基本上是指谁制造的。
So the make of my computer, for example, is a Acer. Maybe yours is Dell, or Apple or Toshiba etc,
比如，我的电脑型号是宏碁。或许你的电脑是戴尔，或者苹果或者东芝等等。
so to make who made it. Now these two are funny ones because either usually used as slang
所以指的是制造商。这两个很有趣，因为它们都经常用作俚语。
whoops, sorry Milk, of course you all drink, you've all drunk milk. You've all drunk water.
牛奶，当然你们都喝牛奶，你们都喝牛奶，都喝水。
These are very delicious drinks, but that's not what we're talking about here.
它们是非常美味的饮料，但是我们要说的不是这个。
Do you know that milk and water can both be verbs?
你们知道“milk”和“water”都可以用作动词吗？
Now, there's of course the literal meaning of milk - to milk is to milk a cow,
当然，它们有字面上的牛奶的意思，“to milk”的意思是挤牛奶，
to squeeze the milk out of a cow, to water means to pour water over something, over your garden, or your lawn.
挤牛奶，“to water”的意思是把水倒在某物上，给你的花园或草坪浇水。
But in slang it has a completely different meaning.
但是在俚语中，它有完全不同的意思。
to milk something or to milk someone is to get out of it as much as possible okay,
“milk something”或者“milk someone”意思就是尽可能地榨取，
so for example, your friend is very rich and very generous and he likes to give out money.
例如，你的朋友非常富有，非常慷慨，他喜欢发钱。
So you try to milk him for every penny he has.
所以你试图榨干他的每一分钱。
Maybe not a nice thing to do, but people do it anyway.
也许这不是件好事，但人们还是这么做了。
That's what milk means, to milk someone. To water, we usually say - to water down.
这就是“milk”的意思，榨取某人利益。我们通常说“to water down”。
To water down means, to make less intense. A little similar to wear, but different.
“to water down”的意思是降低强度。有点像磨损，但是不同。
To water down means, to make it less intense, a little bit weaker.
“to water down”的意思是降低强度，变弱一点。
So for example, if you're reading a business report, and you have to explain to your customer, the business situation,
比如，如果你在读一个商业报告，你得像你的客户解释，商业情况，
for example, if you give them all these technical words that they won't know, what you mean.
例如，如果你说一些他们不知道的技术词汇，你说的什么意思。
You need to water it down for them. You need to make it simpler. So you put less technical words
你需要降低一些难度。你需要说的简单一点。所以你就少说一些技术词汇，
you make the sentences a little bit easier to understand, you explain the situation in everyday words.
你使这些句子更容易理解，你用日常的词汇解释这个状况。
You make it less intense, so they don't get scared.
你说的没那么难，这样他们就不会害怕了。
Good, now, you're thinking, okay, wow, I know all these new words, that I already knew,
现在你在想，我已经知道这些新词了，
but I didn't know, so now you're thinking, well,
但是我还不了解，现在你在想，
How am I supposed to know other words, by myself, without me here, without Adam here to explain them?
没有亚当给我讲的话，我自己要怎么知道其他单词？
Use context and of course, use your dictionary.
利用背景，利用你的词典。
If you look at your dictionary all of these meanings are there.
如果你查词典的话，里面所有的意思都有。
The thing is don't take the first meaning a dictionary gives you,
就是别取用词典中显示的第一个意思，
because it, maybe, it's not the one you need. Look at the context, what is around the word?
因为它或许不是你需要的意思。看看背景，这个词周围有什么？
What is the situation the word is being used in
这个单词使用的情形是怎样的，
and then look for something in the dictionary that matches that context and that's how you will improve your english okay?
然后在词典中查找符合那个情形的意思，这就是你提升英语的方式。
now you're still not too sure, you want a little bit of practice go to www engvid.com.
如果你还是不确定的话，你想要做一些练习，请登录英格威学习网。
There's a quiz there, you can practice these and come back to engvid.com for other lessons.
那里有一个小测，你可以练习这些单词，回来看更多课程。
Learn English, improve your abilities, and I'll see you next time. Thank you.
学英语，提升你的能力，下次再见。谢谢大家。
