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Hi again. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Nice to see you again.
欢迎来到英格威英语学习网。我是亚当。很开心见到大家。
Today, I want to talk about a topic that is a little bit unusual.
今天，我想讲一个有点不寻常的话题。
Everybody thinks that English is all about vocabulary, or grammar, or punctuation, things like that.
大家都认为英语就是词汇、语法、标点符号之类的东西。
There's little things, too, that you need to worry about, and people often ask me about these things in particular:
还有一些小的东西你需要注意，人们由其会经常问我这些东西。
"and so on", "etc." "...", three dots, sometimes four, I'll explain, "blah, blah, blah", and "blah". Okay? Not everyday stuff.
“and so on”，“etc”，“...”，三个点。有时是四个，我会讲到的。“废话，废话，废话”。不是日常的东西。
I mean, every day, you're going to see it all the time, but this is not something that ESL teachers will teach you,
我是说，每天，你总是会看到它。但是这不是你的非母语课程老师会教你的东西，
it's not something that you will really learn in books, so here it is; I'm going to explain it to you.
它不是你在书本上学到的东西，我来给你们讲讲。
Okay? First, ",and so on". First of all, notice I put a comma before it.
首先，“,and so on”。首先，注意我在前面放了一个逗号。
Why? Because this will always come at the end of a sentence or after a list of some sort.
为什么？因为它经常会出现在一句话的末尾，或者一些列东西之后。
Okay? When we put ", and so on", we mean: and we continue with the same examples.
当我们使用了“, and so on”，我们的意思是：我们继续说着同样的例子。
Right? So you ask me: what kind of foods do I like? Well, I like pizza, I like hamburgers, I like fish and chips, you know, and so on.
所以你问我：我喜欢什么样的食物？我喜欢披萨，我喜欢汉堡，我喜欢鱼和炸薯条，等等。
What does that ", and so on" mean? Does that mean that I like egg white only omelettes with like asparagus and broccoli? No.
“, and so on”是什么意思呢？这是不是说我只喜欢蛋清配上芦笋和西兰花？不是。
Why? Because I listed hamburger, junk food; pizza, junk food; fish and chips, junk food.
为什么？因为我列举了汉堡，垃圾食品，披萨，垃圾食物，鱼，和薯片，垃圾食品。
So when I say: "and so on" means and more examples like the ones I just said.
当我说：“and so on”，意思是还有更多像我刚才说的例子。
Right? So it's very important to remember. Many of my students, they just throw "and so on" all the time.
记住这个是很重要的。我的很多学生，他们总是乱用“and so on”。
Talking, talking, talking, "and so on". And so on, what?
说着什么东西，后面就加个“and so on”。在说什么？
I don't understand. Right? So you have to be careful. This has a very specific use.
我不理解。对吧？所以你得仔细。它有一个非常特定的使用方法。
You're continuing the same list or the same idea.
你在说着同样的例子或者观点。
Next: "etc." Usually, you will see it like this: "etc." Now, how to pronounce.
接下来：“等等。”你会看到它是这样的：“etc”。说说它如何发音。
This is the actual word when you open it up: "etcetera".
它的全写其实是这个：“etcetera”。
Now, some native speakers will say: "et-cet-era", "etcetera".
一些本土人会这样说：“et-cet-era”，“etcetera”。
Most will say: "ek-se-chra". That's what it sounds like when most native speakers say it.
很多人会说：“ek-se-chra”。大多数母语人士都是这么说的。
"Etcetera". Correct, "etcetera", but both are acceptable.
“Etcetera”。对，“etcetera”，但是，两者都是可以接受的。
Now, what does etcetera mean? It means: "and so on". It means the exact same thing as "and so on".
它的意思是什么？意思是：“and so on”。意思完全一样。
Again, you're continuing the list that was started before.
你是在说着和前面一样的例子。
Right? Now, people often ask: how do I use it in writing? Usually, you can...
对吧？人们经常会问：我在写作中应该怎样使用它呢？通常，你可以...
If it comes at the end of a sentence, you put the period, that's it.
如果它出现在句子结尾，最后写一个句号，就是这样。
But if it comes in the middle of the sentence...
如果它出现在句子中间...
So: "I like pizza, I like hamburgers, fish and chips, etc., but I also like..." etc.
比如：“我喜欢披萨，我喜欢汉堡，鱼和炸薯条，等等。但是我也喜欢...”等等。
There you go. So I'm writing whatever I write, whatever I write, etc., but I also like other things.
就是这样。所以我在写着某个东西，等等，但是我也喜欢其他东西。
Right? So, it's a little bit confusing, you got period and a comma.
对吧？所以，这有点令人困惑，这里有一个句号和逗号。
The period goes for the shortened; the comma goes for the sentence.
这个句号的意思是它是缩写；这个逗号就是句子的标点符号。
Okay? Not that important, but if you want to write it correctly, that's how you do it.
没那么重要，但是如果你想把它写正确的话，就是这样写。
Next, we have three dots. These are called ellipses.
接下来，我们来看三个点。它们叫省略号。
You don't necessarily need to know this word "ellipses", but just understand that it's referring to this.
你并不需要知道“ellipses”这个词，但是要知道它指的是这个。
What does three dots means? "And so on". Same idea. Right? But this is... Usually, you see this in writing.
三个点的意思是什么？“and so on”。同样的意思。对吗？但是这是...通常你会在写作中看到它。
Instead of writing three words, you just put three dots, because it's easier, people understand it.
不要写三个单词，你只要写三个点，因为这样更容易，人们能理解。
But also remember sometimes it's used just as a pause.
但也要记住，有时它只是用作停顿。
Okay? So, person "A" says: "Well..., I think..." You ask: "What do you think about climate change?" for example.
人物A说：“那个...我觉得...”你问道：“你是怎么看待气候变化的？”比如说。
"Well..." I'm thinking, thinking, thinking; dot, dot, dot. "I think that..." Etcetera. Now, "And so on" means...
“那个...”我想啊想；点，点，点。“我觉得...”等等。“and so on”的意思是...
"And so on" means the idea is going to continue. Okay? I'm about to give you my opinion.
“and so on”的意思是这个观点要继续。我要给出我的观点。
Right? This is in writing. Some people will actually say: "Dot, dot, dot", but they're trying to be dramatic or cool.
好吧？这是在写作中。有些人说：“点，点，点”，他们是在表达戏剧性或酷的感觉。
If you saw the movie Trainspotting, you heard it there, "dot, dot, dot". Very dramatic scene. I liked it.
如果你看过猜火车这部电影，你在那里听到，“点，点，点。”非常戏剧性的一幕。我很喜欢。
Okay? But basically so far, all more or less the same idea. Now, you get into: "blah, blah, blah".
但是到目前为止，差不多都是一个意思。现在来看：“废话，废话，废话”。
First of all, don't ever write this. Very, very, very casual. This is usually for spoken English.
首先，不要把它写下来。它是非常非正式的用语。通常用在口语中。
What does it mean? It also means "and so on", but because the conversation is not interesting.
它是 什么意思呢？它也有等等的意思，但是因为对话是没有意思的。
Okay? My friend, Harry, he came over to my house and he started telling me about his kids, blah, blah, blah.
好吧？我的朋友，哈里，他来我家，跟我讲他的孩子，将一堆废话。
And then we went out to watch the hockey game at the bar.
然后我们出去酒吧看曲棍球比赛。
Why did I put "blah, blah, blah" after his kids? Because I don't care. I don't have kids. It's not interesting for me.
为什么我要在他的孩子后面加上“废话，废话，废话”呢？因为我不在意。我没有孩子。我不感兴趣。
So, here's the story, I'm making it very short because it's not really interesting.
就是这个故事，我让它变很短，因为它没有什么意思。
Right? So he started talking about his kids, blah, blah, blah. Time passed by.
好吧？所以他开始讨论他的孩子，说一堆废话。时间过去了。
And so on, his kids, his life, his toys, his kids' toys. I don't know. I don't have kids, again, remember.
等等，他的孩子，他的生活，他的玩具，他孩子的玩具。我不知道。我没有孩子。记住。
Blah, blah, blah, and then the important part: we went to watch the hockey game.
一堆废话，然后重要的部分来了：我们去看了曲棍球比赛。
So, I'm skipping all the not interesting conversation by putting in: "blah, blah, blah".
我用“blah, blah, blah”跳过了所有无趣的对话。
But sometimes we use the word "blah" only one; not three. Here, three means and so on. One has a very different meaning.
但是有时我们只用一个“blah”；不是三个。三个的意思是等等。一个的意思很不一样。
"Blah". You see how I'm saying it? "Blah". -"How do you feel today?"
“blah”。听到我的发音了吗？“blah”。你今天感觉怎么样？”
-"Blah. Not so good." -"How's the steak?" -"Blah." Means not much flavour, a little bit bland.
“blah”。不怎么好。-“牛排怎么样？”“blah”。意思是没什么味，有一点清淡。
-"How's the weather?" -"Blah." It's like raining and cold, and not so nice.
“天气怎么样？”“blah”。在下雨，很冷，天气不好。
So, basically, any time you want to say something negative about something, just say: "Blah."
基本上，任何时候你想对某事说一些负面的评价，就说：“Blah”。
But you have to say it like this: "Blah." It's like coming out of your mouth and you don't want it to, but it has to come out.
但是你得这样说：“blah”。从你的嘴里说出来，但是你又不想说出来，但是必须得说出来。
Right? That's why it doesn't feel good. It's almost like a sickness. So, there we have it.
好吧？这就是为什么它感觉不好。它就像是呕吐。就是这些。
"and so on", "etc.", "...", especially for writing, "blah, blah, blah", to skip the not interesting part, and: "blah".
“and so on”，“etc.”，“...”，由其是用于写作，“blah，blah，blah”，略过没有趣的部分，还有“blah”。
Now, I hope that this lesson wasn't blah, but that's up to you to decide.
我希望这节课不差，但是你们说了算。
If you want to practice a little bit more on these things, go to www.engvid.com. There's a quiz there.
如果你想多做些练习，请登录英格威学习网。那里有一个小测。
If you're watching on YouTube, A) subscribe to my channel, B) go to www.engvid.com and practice these things.
如果你是在油管上看的，请订阅我的频道，请登录英格威学习网，练习这些表达。
And lastly, if you have any questions, write them in the comments section and I will get back to you.
最后，如果你有任何问题，把它们写在评论区，我会和大家再见。
Okay? Thank you very much. See you later.
非常感谢。回见。
