评论
打印
Stop to buy bread from the supermarket.
停下来，去超市买点面包。
Stop buying bread from the supermarket!
不要再从超市买面包啦！
Do these two sentences have the same meaning?
这两个句子意思一样吗？
No and in this lesson I'll show you why.
并不一样，本节课，我要为你们讲讲为什么不同。
Hello I'm Emma from mmmEnglish.
大家好，我是Emma，来自mmmEnglish。
Today I'm going to show you how verb patterns can affect the meaning of sentences in English.
今天，我要为大家讲讲不同的动词结构是如何影响英语句子的意思的。
You see, a verb followed by a gerund can have a completely different meaning than if the same verb is followed by an infinitive verb.
你看，动词后面跟着动名词与动词后面跟着不定式的意思完全不一样。
Wow wow wow wow wow wow wow! What's a gerund?
哇哦，我的天哪！什么是动名词？
A gerund looks like a verb but it's actually a noun.
动名词看起来像是动词，但实际是名词。
It's formed by adding -ing to the end of the base form of the verb.
是由在动词后面加上-ing来构成的。
So a gerund is the base form with -ing.
所以动名词是在动词的基础上加上-ing。
listen + -ing
“listen”加上-ing
Listening to music helps me relax.
听音乐会帮助我放松。
This lesson right here will explain gerunds for you in much more detail.
今天这节课会为你详细地解释动名词。
But the infinitive is the base form of the verb.
但是动词不定式才是动词的基本形式。
But there are two types of infinitives in English.
英语中不定式有两种形式。
The to-infinitive which is the verb with ‘to'.
to-不定式是动词加to。
‘to listen'
“to listen”
I prefer not to listen to music when I'm working.
但我在工作的时候，我不喜欢听音乐。
But there's also the zero infinitive or the base form.
但是动词的基本形式也可以是没有不定式的。
So that's the verb without ‘to'.
所以那就是没有“to”的动词。
Please listen carefully to my instructions.
请认真听我的一些说明哦。
Today we're focusing on the to-infinitive so the verb with ‘to'
今天我们要关注的是to-不定式，也就是带to的动词，
and there are many, many verbs in English that can be followed either by a gerund or the to-infinitive.
英语中与很多动词后面既可以跟着动名词，也可以跟着to-不定式。
Now you may hear this called a verb pattern, when two verbs appear together in a sentence.
你可能听说过这是一种动词结构，在一个句子中一起出现两个动词。
Some verbs completely change meaning when they're followed by either a gerund or the to-infinitive.
一些动词后面跟着动名词或者不定式时，会完全改变意思。
So back to today's big question.
所以让我们回到今天最大的问题吧。
What's the difference between ‘stop buying bread‘ and ‘stop to buy bread‘?
“不要再去买面包”和“停下来去买面包”的区别是什么呢？
Well ‘stop' with a gerund means to quit an action.
好的，“stop”加动名词，指的是停止一个活动。
Stop buying bread from the supermarket.
停止从超市里买面包。
It's an order to never buy bread again from the supermarket.
这是一个命令，不要再去超市里买面包。
Maybe the bread is too expensive or it's not good quality but whatever the reason,
也许是面包太贵，或者质量不好，但不管是因为什么原因，
‘stop buying bread from the supermarket‘ means don't buy bread there anymore.
“stop buying bread from the supermarket”意思是不要再去超市面包了
Since we're talking about completely quitting an action, this is also the form that you should use when you're talking about addictions or bad habits.
因为我们说的是完全放弃一个行为，所以当你谈论不良嗜好或者是不良习惯的时候就可以用这个形式。
Stop smoking cigarettes, it's bad for your health!
不要在抽烟啦，吸烟有害健康！
I wish you'd stop biting your nails, it's gross!
我希望你不要再咬指甲了，很恶心！
Do you have a bad habit that you know you should stop doing?
你有没有一些你知道应该停止的坏习惯？
Write a sentence about it in the comments below.
在评论区里写一个相关的句子吧。
Make sure you use the gerund form, right?
一定要用动名词形式，好吗？
Okay so there's a quick ad break right now, just enough time for you to write your sentence before we move on to ‘stop' with the infinitive form.
好的，在我们学习不定式形式的“stop”之前，让我们稍事休息一下，你们刚好可以有足够的时间写自己的句子。
'stop' with the to-infinitive means to pause or leave one action to do another.
带to不定式的“stop”指的是停止一个行为，转而去做另一个。
Stop to buy bread from the supermarket.
停下来去超市买面包。
So this is also an order or an instruction but it's to stop at the supermarket as you go past and get some bread.
这也是一种命令或者说是一种指令，但它指的是在你经过超市的时候停下来，然后去买点面包。
So you stop the action of walking or driving by.
所以你要停止路过或者是开车经过的这个行为。
You interrupt that action to go and buy some bread from the supermarket but then you would continue back on your journey.
你要暂停走开的行为，并从超市买点面包，但是之后你会继续回到你的行程中。
So let's talk about a few more examples.
让我们看几个例子吧。
Make sure you stop to talk to Sara before you leave work today, she's got something important to tell you.
在你今天下班之前，一定要去和Sara聊聊，她有重要的事情要告诉你。
I worked all day, I didn't even stop to eat lunch!
我工作了一整天，都没有停下来吃午餐呢！
Okay, great!
好的，很棒！
So ‘stop' followed by a gerund has a completely different meaning to ‘stop' followed by the to-infinitive.
所以“stop”跟着不定式与“stop”跟着to-不定式的意思完全不一样。
Now do all verbs change meaning when they're followed by a gerund or an infinitive?
所以所有的名词后面跟着动名词或者是不定式的时候，意思都是不同的吗？
That's a good question but the answer is no.
这是一个很好的问题，但但答案是否定的。
Some verbs keep the same meaning if they're followed by a gerund or the to-infinitive.
有些动词，不管他们后面跟着的是动名词还是to-不定式，他们的意思都是一样的。
Let's take a look at the word ‘start'.
让我们看看“start”这个单词吧。
We start eating dinner at seven.
我们在七点钟开始吃饭。
We start to eat dinner at seven.
我们在七点钟开始吃饭。
Is there a big difference in meaning between these two sentences?
这两个句子有什么非常明显的差异吗？
Nope.
并没有。
So how do you know which verbs change meaning when followed by a gerund or an infinitive?
所以你要怎么知道哪些单词后面跟着动名词或者是不定式的时候意思会改变呢？
Now the answer is not as simple as you want it to be.
答案并不像是你想象中的那般简单呢。
You need to learn them.
你需要不断学习。
You need to study, get familiar with different verb patterns and practise using them.
你需要学习、熟悉不同的动词结构，然后使用它们，不断练习。
The more you see and use these verb patterns, the more naturally you'll start to use them.
你越熟悉这些单词，使用这些单词，你使用它们的时候就会更加自然。
But to get you started I've got some more common verbs and their meanings when they're followed by a gerund or an infinitive verb.
但是为了让大家踏出第一步，我准备了一些更加常见的动词，以及它们后面跟着动名词或者是不定式的时候相应的意思。
So don't stop watching, it's just getting interesting!
不要停止观看哦，才开始有趣呢！
