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BLOCKO: Hey there, welcome to Life Noggin!
欢迎来到大脑洞开的生命奇想！
Back when I was in grade school, one of my classmates had Tourette Syndrome, a type of neurological disorder.
在上小学的时候，我的一个同学有图雷特综合症，一种神经障碍。
People at school laughed and made fun of her.
学校的人们嘲笑她，拿她开玩笑。
But I’d like to think that if everyone knew more about her condition, they wouldn’t have treated her this way.
但是我觉得如果大家更了解她的情况吗，他们不会这样对她的。
So, to help make the world a more accepting and knowledgeable place, let’s talk about what Tourette Syndrome really is.
所以，为了使这个世界成为一个更加包容和渊博的地方，让我们聊聊图雷特综合征是什么。
I brought my friend Mayim Bialik from YouTube and the TV show the big bang theory to help explain!
我请来了来自油管和电视剧《生活大爆炸》的朋友来帮忙解释！
MAYIM: Thanks Blocko! The main manifestations of Tourette Syndrome are tics,
谢谢宝高！图雷特综合征的主要表现为抽搐，
which are uncontrollable and repetitive movements, noises, and vocalizations. Some can be painful, but most aren’t.
即不可控制的重复性动作、噪音和发声。有些可能会很痛苦，但大多数不会。
Tics are separated into Simple Tics and Complex Tics. The first are less obvious and only involve a few muscle groups.
抽搐分为简单抽搐和复杂抽搐。第一种不太明显，只涉及少数肌肉群。
They can show up as things like shoulder shrugging, head jerking, excessive sniffling, or lots of blinking.
它们可能表现为耸肩、摇头、过度吸鼻涕或频繁眨眼。
Vocal tics include grunting, repetitive clearing of the throat, and even barking.
声音的抽动包括咕哝，重复的清喉咙，甚至吠叫。
When more muscle groups are involved or vocalizations are a bit more elaborate, that’s when tics are considered complex.
当更多的肌肉组织参与进来或者发声变得更复杂时，抽搐就被认为是复杂的。
These can include a combination of movements like bending, flailing, jumping, and punching.
这些动作包括弯曲、挥舞、跳跃和拳击等动作的组合。
The uncontrollable use of swear words, derogatory phrases, and even racial slurs is another type of complex tic, called coprolalia.
不受控制地使用粗口、贬损的短语，甚至是种族侮辱，是另一种复杂的抽搐，叫做粪尿症。
It only affects about 10-15% of people with Tourette’s but it can be very stressful and embarrassing for the person involved.
它只出现在10%-15%的图雷特综合征患者身上，但对当事人来说，它可能是非常紧张和尴尬的事情。
BLOCKO: It’s known that the severity of these symptoms can be affected by one’s emotional state.
众所周知，这些症状的严重程度可能受一个人情感状态的影响。
When people are calm and focused, symptoms are known to improve.
当人们冷静和专注时，症状就会改善。
Tics are usually the worst during early teen years, but thankfully,
抽搐通常是青少年时期最严重的，但万幸的是，
most symptoms significantly improve through late adolescence and some people grow out of them completely!
大多数症状在青春期后期明显改善，有些人则完全摆脱这些症状！
Tourette Syndrome is 3-4 times more likely to affect boys than girls and scientists are beginning to realize that
男孩患图雷特综合症的几率是女孩的3到4倍，科学家们开始意识到，
this condition is actually a whole lot more common than they originally thought.
实际上这种情况要比他们一开始认为的更加常见。
They now estimate that about one in every 160 kids have some variation of Tourette Syndrome.
他们现在估计，大约每160个孩子中就有一个患有不同类型的图雷特综合症。
It’s known for a fact that people with Tourette’s are at increased risk of developing depression and substance abuse problems.
众所周知，患有图雷特综合征的人患抑郁症和药物滥用问题的风险更高。
This could be due to the bullying, judgment, and alienation they often experience,
这可能是由于他们经常遇到的欺凌，评判和疏远。
but various groups say that welcoming them with a supportive environment can help them feel more comfortable.
不同的团体表示，为他们提供支持的环境可以帮助他们感到更舒适。
MAYIM: The cause of Tourette’s isn’t yet known, but experts do know that genes play a part.
图雷特综合征的病因尚不清楚，但是专家知道基因起了一定的作用。
It’s thought that environmental and developmental factors do too.
环境和发育因素也有影响。
Within the brain, there are a number of abnormalities that experts think could be connected to the condition,
专家认为，大脑内部的一些异常可能和此病有关，
but more research is needed to know for sure.
但是需要做更多研究才能确定。
These abnormalities are seen in the frontal lobes, cortex, and basal ganglia,
这些异常出现在额叶、皮质和基底神经节，
as well as the circuits that connect them all and the neurotransmitters that help relay messages between nerve cells.
以及连接它们的回路和帮助神经细胞之间传递信息的神经递质。
BLOCKO: While there isn’t a cure yet, a number of holistic and medicinal treatments do exist.
尽管现在还不能治愈，但是已经有了一些整体和药物治疗。
Some people have found that exercising and singing has stopped their tics
有些人发现，锻炼和唱歌让他们不再抽搐，
and something called Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Tics has been proven to reduce symptoms
还有种叫做认知行为干预抽搐的方法已经被证明可以减轻症状，
by teaching people how to control their tics when they feel an urge to move!
方法就是教人们在想动的时候如何控制抽搐！
In very severe cases of Tourette Syndrome, medications can be prescribed or brain devices implanted but these scenarios are rare.
对于严重的图雷特综合症病例，可以开药方或植入大脑装置，但这些情况很少见。
MAYIM: We hope that since now you know more about this condition, you’ll be more understanding and accepting of people with Tourette Syndrome.
我们希望大家现在对这种情况有了更多的了解，能够更加理解和接受图雷特综合症患者。
BLOCKO: If you have this condition, and feel comfortable with sharing, let us know how tourette syndrome has affected you.
如果您有这种情况，并愿意与我们分享，请告诉我们图雷特综合症是如何影响您的。
