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So, what do you need to focus on here?
那么，你在这里需要注意什么呢？
First, it's a good idea to skim a text first, reading fast and trying to understand the overall idea in a simple way.
首先，最好先略读一篇文章，快速浏览，并试着用简单的方式理解整体思想。
In order to separate general ideas from details, you need some context.
为了从细节中分离出大意，你需要联系部分上下文。
Until you've read the whole thing, you won't have this.
只有读完整篇文章后才能理清脉络。
Second, look for linking phrases like ‘for example', ‘for instance', ‘specifically' or ‘in particular.'
第二，寻找连接短语，比如“for example”，“for instance”，“specific”或者“in particular”。
Linking phrases like these show you that what follows is an explanation of a more general idea that was mentioned before.
像这样的连接短语会提示，接下来的是对之前提到的一个梗概的解释。
Third, remember that one sentence can contain both general ideas and details mixed together.
第三，记住一句话既可以包含大意，也可以包含细节。
For example, this sentence contains both a detail—about the word ‘kangaroo'—and a general point.
例如，这个句子既包含了单词“kangaroo”的详细信息，也包含了大意。
Now, why not do some more practice? Look at the rest of our sample text.
现在，咱们要不要再多练习一下？看看我们示例文本的其余部分。
Which ideas are general? Which ideas are details? Pause the video and try it now, if you want.
那些观点是主旨？哪些观点是细节？想看的话，现在就暂停视频看吧。
Did you do it? Here's a shorter version, with all examples and details removed.
看完了吗？这里有一个简短的版本，删掉了所有的例句和细节。
If you can do this, you'll be able to read much faster.
如果你能做到这一点，就能阅读得更快。
Why? Because you only need to focus on the general ideas to understand the overall meaning.
为什么？因为只需要关注主旨思想就可以整体意思。
Here, you only need to understand 76 words, instead of 230.
这里，你只需要理解76个单词，不用理解230个单词。
This saves you time, which could be helpful if you are under time pressure, like in an IELTS reading exam.
这样可以节省时间，如果很赶时间，比如在雅思阅读考试中，这一点会很有帮助。
There's another related, skill which can help you to understand a text.
还有另一种相关的技能也可以帮助你理解一篇文章。
Let's look! If you're a non-native speaker reading in English, you'll probably have this problem often:
如果你的母语不是英语，阅读英语时你可能会经常遇到这个问题:
there are words which you don't understand.
有些单词你不知道什么意思。
Maybe there are several words which you don't know.
也许会出现几个陌生词汇。
Don't panic! This makes things more difficult, but there are strategies you can use.
别慌！这会让你理解文章变得更加困难，但是可以使用一些策略。
First, look for proper nouns, which start with a capital letter.
首先，寻找以大写字母开头的专有名词。
Sometimes, we see that students think they don't understand a word,
有时，我们会看到学生们认为出现了一个陌生单词，
but they don't realise that the ‘word' is actually a proper noun, like a person's name, or a place name.
但他们没有意识到“单词”实际上是一个专有名词，比如一个人的名字，或者一个地名。
Can you find three examples of proper nouns in our text? Pause the video if you want time to think about it.
你能在课文中找到三个专有名词的例子吗？如果你需要时间思考，可以暂停视频。
You could say ‘Guugu Yimithirr', ‘Queensland', ‘Hopevale', ‘English' or ‘Brisbane'.
例如：“Guugu Yimithirr”，“Queensland”，“Hopevale”，“English”或“Brisbane”。
Generally, if a proper noun is important or not widely-understood, it will be explained.
一般来说，专有名词很重要或者比较生僻，文中会做出解释。
For example, ‘Guugu Yimithirr' is obviously important, and it's explained in the first sentence.
例如，‘Guugu Yimithirr’显然很重要，它在第一句就有解释。
If a proper noun isn't explained, you can usually ignore it, or try to work out the meaning from the context.
如果一个专有名词没有给出解释，通常可以忽略它，或者通过上下文来理解单词的意思。
For example, look at the first sentence.
例如，看第一句。
Even if you've never heard of Queensland or Hopevale, you can work out that they're place names.
即使你从未听说过昆士兰或霍普维尔，你也能知道它们是地名。
Next, look for words that tell you that an idea is important.
接下来，寻找那些会预示某个信息很重要的词汇。
You could look for words like ‘important', ‘notable', ‘notable' or ‘notable'.
你可以找像“important”、“notable”、“notable”或“notable”这样的词汇。
For example, you saw this sentence.
例如，这个句子你已经见过了。
The word ‘notable' highlights something important about the language.
“notable”这个词突出了语言中重要的东西。
This means you should focus on this sentence.
意味着你应该注意这个句子。
If you're under time pressure, you should spend extra time on this sentence.
如果你的时间紧迫，应该花更多的时间在这个句子上。
Also, look for words which were also used in the title, or possibly which appeared in the first sentence or paragraph.
同时，查找标题中也使用过的词，或者可能出现在第一句话或第一段中的词汇。
Remember that writers might use paraphrase, so you might not find the exact same words.
记住，作者可能会用意译，所以你可能找不到完全相同的词汇。
There was a key word from the title used in the text.
文中使用了标题中的一个关键词。
Do you know where? Pause the video if you want time to find it! The word ‘unusual' appears in this sentence.
你知道在哪儿吗？如果你需要时间，可以暂停视频！“unusual”在这个句子中出现了。
You heard before that ‘unusual' is a key word in the title.
前面我们说过了，“unusual”是标题中的关键词。
So, when you see it, you should pay extra attention to this sentence.
所以，当看到这个词的时候，你应该特别注意这个句子。
In fact, this sentence gives you one of the key general ideas.
事实上，这句话给出了一个重要的主旨信息。
Depending on your situation, you might have different options to deal with unknown words.
根据您的情况，您可能有不同的选择来处理不认识的单词。
If you have unlimited time, unlimited patience and access to a dictionary, then you can check the meaning of every word.
如果你没有时间限制，耐心充足并且可以查阅字典，那么你可以查询每个单词的含义。
However, this strategy is not possible in most cases.
然而，这种办法在大多数情况下是不可行的。
No one really has unlimited time or unlimited patience.
没有人真的有充足的时间和耐心。
Plus, there are often restrictions; if you're taking an exam, you'll have a time limit and you probably won't be able to use a dictionary.
另外，还有施加很多限制；如果你参加考试，就会有时间限制，你可能也用不了字典。
This is why it's important to focus on the general ideas, and then find key words within them.
这就是为什么要关注主题思想，然后在其中寻找关键词十分重要。
If there are 50 words you don't know, that's difficult to deal with.
如果有50个单词你不认识，那就很难处理了。
However, if you can focus on a smaller number of more important sentences, there will be fewer unknown words.
然而，如果你能把注意力集中在有限的重要句子上，陌生词汇的单词量也会减少。
At this point, you should know how to read and summarise a text in English.
至此，你应该知道如何阅读和总结一篇英文文章了吧。
We have a challenge for you! On the full version of this lesson, which is on our website, you'll find a second text to practise with.
给大家布置一项挑战任务！我们的网站上有这节课的完整版本，你可以再找一篇课文练习。
If you're watching on YouTube, you can find a link in the video description.
如果你在YouTube上观看，可以在视频简介中找链接。
Can you write a summary of the second text? Your summary should be maximum two sentences, or ideally just one.
你能写出第二篇文章的摘要吗？总结最多应该限制在两句话，或者最好只用一句话。
Use the reading techniques you saw in this lesson.
使用你在本课中学到的阅读技巧。
Post your suggestion in the comments, and read other people's ideas.
请留言告知我们你的建议，并查看其它人的建议。
Thanks for watching! See you next time!
感谢收看，咱们下期见！
